EarthStation1 MediaOutlet News: Today's 15% Off Specials & #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Titles At EarthStation1.com!

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Crazy Movie Trailers 1960s-1970s MP3 Set DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today, November 19, 2025

November 19: National Carbonated Beverage With Caffeine Day: -- A unique beverage holidays that give us opportunities to break out of our everyday norms and explore the variety of carbonated beverages with caffeine. Some people cannot have caffeine due to medical reasons, and others choose to avoid caffeine as a personal choice. Then there are the millions of people who reach for the caffeine every morning and sometimes all day long. The same applies to carbonated beverages. Today's celebration combines the two of them. In 1767, Englishman Joseph Priestly suspended a bowl of distilled water above a beer vat at a local brewery in Leeds, England. His experiment led to a method of infusing water with carbon dioxide to make carbonated water. Priestly's invention of carbonated water is the major and defining component of most soft drinks. Caffeine acts as a central nervous system stimulant, temporarily warding off drowsiness and restoring alertness. Ninety percent of adults in North America consume caffeine daily. Some people notice sleep disruption after drinking beverages containing caffeine, though others see no appreciable disturbance. Other terms for carbonated beverages include sparkling, bubbly, or effervescent. Almost any beverage can be carbonated, though not every beverage should be carbonated. Sodas are the most common caffeinated, carbonated drinks, but some makers can add some fizz to cold-brewed coffee these days. In addition, certain sparkling waters infuse flavors and add caffeine for that extra boost. To observe Carbonated Beverage With Caffeine Day: Enjoy your favorite carbonated and caffeinated beverage! Pour it over ice for a cold and invigorating refreshment. Invite someone to join you and toast the day. Are you looking for some ways to mix up your carbonated beverage with caffeine? Wine and soda together are nothing new. It's a spritzer. Only this time, you're adding a caffeinated soda to the ice, wine, and garnish; Ice cream soda is a classic cold beverage, and it comes caffeinated. So you get the caffeine and brain freeze all in one. What more could you want?; There is a whole lineup of rum and cola drinks. Any one of them is bound to hit the spot and use #CarbonatedBeverageWithCaffeineDay to post on social media! On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/crazy-movie-trailers-1960s1970s-coming-attraction196019703.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Scouts! Lord Baden-Powell The Boy Scouts & The Girl Scouts MP4 DVD USB
Today, November 19, 2025

November 19: National Camp Day: -- Grab your hot dogs and marshmallows! According to a survey by the ACA Youth Outcomes Battery, 96% of campers make new friends at camp and 70% gain self-confidence during a camp experience. Whether it was summer camp or a family trip, we have lots of wilderness memories. Recreational camping can be traced back to Briton Thomas Hiram Holding, but it was popularized in the UK on the river Thames. In the 1880s large numbers of visitors took part in camping, which related to the late-Victorian craze for pleasure boating. Early camping equipment was heavy, so it was more convenient to transport it by boat or transportation craft that could be converted into a tent. Though Holding is seen as the father of camping, he's responsible for popularizing a different form of camping in the UK. In his youth, he experienced activity in the wild and spent time in the American prairies with his parents. He later embarked on a cycling and camping tour across Ireland with some friends. His book, "Cycle and Camp in Connemara," led to the formation of the first camping group in 1901, the Association of Cycle Campers - which later became the Camping and Caravanning Club. In 1908 Holding wrote "The Campers Handbook " so that he could share his enthusiasm for the outdoors with the rest of the world. In the 1870s and 1880s the first summer camps promised boys a chance to escape the indoors and fast-paced urban life. Girls camps started to appear in the U.S. around 1900, many of which were located around New England. The oldest and continuously run camp for girls is Camp Wyonegonic in Maine, which opened in 1902. In 1900, there were less than 100 summer camps in the U.S., but by 1918 over 1,000 were in operation. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/scouts-the-life-and-legacy-of-lord-badenpowell-dvd-mp4-us4.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Mrs. Fenwick Went To Washington: Millicent Fenwick DVD, Download, USB
Today, November 19, 2025

November 19: Women's Entrepreneurship Day: -- Honors female entrepreneurs and to discuss their contributions to the entrepreneurial community. Did you know that the first female-owned business in the U.S. was established in 1739? Despite the advances made by women entrepreneurs since the Industrial Revolution, gender barriers, societal pressure, access to funding and mentorship, and lack of education still constrain their growth. Women's Entrepreneurship Day is organized by the WEDO (Women's Entrepreneurship Day Organization) and recognized by the United Nations and over 120 countries. On Women's Entrepreneurship Day, pioneering women in various fields are given the WEDO Pioneer Awards. Women have been involved in entrepreneurial ventures for centuries, but they were not considered entrepreneurs because the term was exclusive to men. During the 18th and 19th centuries, most businesses owned by women were either from inheritance or supplemented personal income. Eliza Lucas Pinckney of South Carolina was one woman who became a business leader through inheritance. She took over her family's plantations when she was 16 years old, becoming the first female recorded to own a business in the U.S. Women began owning brothels, alehouses, taverns, and retail shops around the same time. However, because of the societal perception of what a woman should and should not do, these businesses were considered shameful. In the 1900s, public perception shifted toward the progressive, and feminism became a widely accepted movement. This allowed people to refer to women in business as female entrepreneurs. Black women became the most enterprising women in the U.S. during the early 20th Century. They established themselves in dressmaking, Black hair care, private home domestic work, and midwifery. Madam C. J. Walker, the first African American female millionaire, was one of the most successful women of this era. Various organizations launched in the United States were founded in the late 1980s and 1990s to provide education and financing to female entrepreneurs. Among these are the Women's Business Development Center and Count Me In. But none of this was enough to put women entrepreneurs on an equal footing with their male counterparts. Since 2000, there has been an increase in support and attention for female entrepreneurs, and female-owned businesses now have more access to financing than ever before. After returning to the U.S. in 2013 from volunteering with the Adelante Foundation in Honduras, Wendy Diamond started an initiative to empower women in business. This initiative became the Women's Entrepreneurship Day Organization (WEDO). On November 19, 2014, WEDO celebrated the first Women's Entrepreneurship Day in the U.S. and over 140 countries. Since then, New York City and Los Angeles have declared it an official day, the U.S. House of Representatives has recognized it, and the United Nations celebrated it. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/mrs-fenwick-went-to-washington-dvd-millicent-fenwick.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Last Images Of War Journalists Of The Soviet-Afghan War DVD, MP4, USB
Today, November 19, 2025

November 19: International Journalist Day: -- Today we celebrate and honor the memories of those journalists who laid down their lives while performing their duties. Journalists serve as the eyes and ears of the public. They are responsible for providing us with the necessary information we need. It is therefore important to have a day to recognize their efforts. All over the world, journalists face threats to their lives. Some are purposely targeted and murdered because of their work while some are killed in incidents such as bomb explosions. Many governments around the world target journalists for harassment, intimidation, and violence as they cover political stories. Journalism dates back to the Han dynasty in China, which made use of regularly published news bulletins. But it was not until the 17th Century that publications reporting the news to the general public in a standardized fashion began to appear. Mass-printing technologies like the printing press were developed and allowed for the establishment of newspapers to provide increasingly literate audiences with the news. The first records of privately-owned newspaper publishers in China date back to the late Ming dynasty in 1582. In Europe, the first newspaper is often recognized as Johann Carolus's "Relation aller Furnemmen und gedenckwurdigen Historien," published in 1605 in Strasbourg. In some regions such as the Roman Empire and the British Empire, journalistic enterprises were started as private ventures. Other countries such as France and Prussia tightly controlled the press, treating it principally as an outlet for government propaganda and subjecting it to consistent censorship. Other governments such as the Russian Empire were even warier of journalists. They effectively outlawed journalistic publications until the mid-19th Century. As newspaper publications became a more established practice over time, publishers increased publication to a weekly or daily rate. Centers of trade such as London, Amsterdam, and Berlin had a heavier concentration of newspapers. Latin America established its first newspapers in the mid- to late 19th Century. Today, people increasingly consume news digitally through e-readers, smartphones, and other electronic devices. This has led to the decline of traditional media and the reduction of staff in newsrooms. The digital era has also introduced citizen journalism thanks to the internet. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/last-images-of-war-journalists-sovietafghan-war-dvd-mp4-usb-driv4.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Columbus & The Age Of Discovery TV Series + Bonus MP4 Download DVD Set
Today, November 19, 2025

November 19: Discovery Of Puerto Rico Day: -- November 19, 1493: European explorer Christopher Columbus goes ashore on an island he first saw the day before called Borinquen by the Taino people native to the island. He names it San Juan Bautista (later renamed again Puerto Rico). Discovery of Puerto Rico Day commemorates this eventful occasion, a day is marked as a public holiday on the island. Banks, schools, and public offices are closed on this day, and a grand parade is organized in every major city, and many buildings are adorned with the country's flag and nationalist memorabilia to honor the nation's sovereignty and its indigenous roots, which can still be seen to this day. The day also signals the arrival of the holy month of December, and Puerto Ricans put up their decorations right after the holiday. Christopher Columbus was a man of conviction who believed - before anyone else - that there existed other ways, new paths yet to be discovered. In an age when people thought that everything had already been found, Columbus, an ardent student of geography and science, rowed his ship towards the unknown. His four infamous voyages unveiled the West. After the controversial results of his first adventure, he embarked on his second trip on September 24, 1493, with over 1200 soldiers sprawled on 17 ships. Nearly two months later, he anchored in a bay near an island on November 19, 1943, which he later named San Juan Bautista. Almost all American countries have dedicated a day to point out the inception of their nation through Columbus. Discovery of Puerto Rico Day honors the journey of the explorer and acknowledges the indigenous culture, dialect, and traditions of the land at the same time. The nation has recognized Columbus on numerous occasions. Their Spanish heritage was honored in 1893, on the 400th anniversary of his landfall, with a stamp that depicted his figure on a ship with a crew in the background. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/columbus-and-the-age-of-discovery-epic-7-hourlong-episode-tv-serie7.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Monarchy In The UK: British Royal History MP4 Video Download DVD Set
Today, November 19, 2025

November 19, 1600: #BOTD: #HBD! Charles I, King Of Scotland, England And Ireland, who maintained the Divine Right of kings to rule and opposed the Parliament Of England's challenges to his authoritarian style(d. January 30, 1649) is #born Charles Stuart in Dunfermline Palace, Fife, Scotland into The House Of Stuart (originally spelt Stewart) as the second son of King James VI of Scotland, but after his father inherited the English throne in 1603 (as James I), he moved to England, where he spent much of the rest of his life. He ruled from 1625 to 1649. He maintained the Divine Right of kings to rule and opposed the Parliament Of England's challenges to his authoritarian style. This resulted in the English Civil War (1642-1651) and his eventual execution, followed by the establishment of The Commonwealth Of England with Oliver Cromwell as Lord Protector. He became heir apparent to the three kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland in 1612 on the death of his elder brother Henry Frederick, Prince Of Wales. An unsuccessful and unpopular attempt to marry him to the Spanish Habsburg princess Maria Anna culminated in an eight-month visit to Spain in 1623 that demonstrated the futility of the marriage negotiations. Two years later he married the Bourbon princess Henrietta Maria of France. After his succession in 1625, Charles quarrelled with the Parliament of England, which sought to curb his royal prerogative. Charles believed in the divine right of kings, and was determined to govern according to his own conscience. Many of his subjects opposed his policies, in particular the levying of taxes without parliamentary consent, and perceived his actions as those of a tyrannical absolute monarch. His religious policies, coupled with his marriage to a Roman Catholic, generated antipathy and mistrust from Reformed religious groups such as the English Puritans and Scottish Covenanters, who thought his views were too Catholic. He supported high church Anglican ecclesiastics such as Richard Montagu and William Laud, and failed to aid continental Protestant forces successfully during the Thirty Years' War. His attempts to force the Church of Scotland to adopt high Anglican practices led to the Bishops' Wars, strengthened the position of the English and Scottish parliaments, and helped precipitate his own downfall. From 1642, Charles fought the armies of the English and Scottish parliaments in the English Civil War. After his defeat in 1645, he surrendered to a Scottish force that eventually handed him over to the English Parliament. Charles refused to accept his captors' demands for a constitutional monarchy, and temporarily escaped captivity in November 1647. Re-imprisoned on the Isle of Wight, Charles forged an alliance with Scotland, but by the end of 1648 Oliver Cromwell's New Model Army had consolidated its control over England. Charles I died when he is beheaded in front of Whitehall Palace in London, ten days after Charles was found guilty of high treason and condemned as "a tyrant, traitor, murderer, and public enemy" in the treason trial that the Rump Parliament voted for at the conclusion of the English Civil War. He is buried in the same burial vault in the quire as Henry VIII and Jane Seymour, after the decision to bury him in Edward IV's vault was changed. He had been brought before a high court of justice at Westminster Hall on January 20, 1649. The monarchy was then abolished and the Commonwealth of England was established as a republic. This resulted in the English Civil War (1642-1651). The Civil War had been fought over whether the King's power was absolute, or was limited by the powers of Parliament. Oliver Cromwell had led the Parliamentary forces to victory over the Royals. The monarchy would be restored to Charles's son, Charles II, in 1660. #CharlesI #CharlesIOfEngland #KingOfEngland #KingOfScotland #KingOfIreland #MonarchyOfTheUnitedKingdom #BritishMonarchy #BritishNobility #BritishHistory #RoyalPrerogative #DivineRightOfKings #AbsoluteMonarch #EnglishCivilWar #CommonwealthOfEngland #BritishMonarchy #BritishNobility #HouseOfStuart #MP4 #VideoDownload #DVD On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/monarchy-in-the-uk-british-royal-history-mp4-video-download-dvd-set.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Western Tradition TV Series DVD, MP4 Video Download, USB Drive
Today, November 19, 2025

November 19, 1703: France: The History Of France: Governments Of France: The French Monarchy: The Monarchy Of The Kingdom Of France: Punitive Masks: The History Of Punitive Masks: The Man In The Iron Mask (French: L'Homme Au Masque De Fer): -- #DOTD: #RIP: The unidentified French prisoner of state during the reign of King Louis XIV Of France (1643-1715), who came to be known as The Man In The Iron Mask (though he actually wore a velvet mask) (Birthdate Unknown, c. 1658) #dies on a Monday in The Bastille prison in Paris, and was buried the next day in the nearby cemetery of Saint-Paul. The Bastille's record of his death notes that he was known as "M. de Marchiel". The parish burial register of Saint-Paul records his name as "Marchioly" (possibly Marchialy), leading several historians to conclude the prisoner was Italian diplomat Ercole Antonio Mattioli, and states that he was 45 years old. Nothing more is known. Warranted for arrest on July 19, 1669 under the pseudonym of "Eustache Dauger", he was apprehended near Calais on July 28, incarcerated on August 24, and held for 34 years in the custody of the same jailer, Benigne Dauvergne de Saint-Mars, in four successive French prisons, including the Bastille. The strict measures taken to keep his imprisonment secret resulted in a long-lasting legend about his identity. Even though it has been extensively debated by historians, his true identity remains a mystery, and various theories have been expounded in numerous books, articles, poems, plays, and films. During his lifetime, it was rumoured that he was a Marshal Of France or a President Of Parlement; The Duke Of Beaufort, or a son of Oliver Cromwell. Among the oldest theories is one proposed by French philosopher and writer Voltaire, who claimed in his Questions sur l'Encyclopedie (1771) that the prisoner was an older, illegitimate brother of Louis XIV. More than 50 candidates, real and imaginary, have been proposed by historians and other authors aiming to solve the mystery. What little is known about the prisoner is based on contemporary documents that surfaced during the 19th century, mainly some of the correspondence between Saint-Mars and his superiors in Paris, initially Louvois, Louis XIV's secretary of state for war. These documents show that the prisoner was labelled "only a valet" and that he was jailed for "what he was employed to do" before his arrest. Legend has it that no one ever saw his face, as it was hidden by a mask of black velvet cloth, later misreported by Voltaire as an iron mask. Official documents reveal, however, that the prisoner was made to cover his face only when travelling between prisons after 1687, or when going to prayers within the Bastille in the final years of his incarceration; modern historians believe the latter measure was imposed by Saint-Mars solely to increase his own prestige, thus causing persistent rumours to circulate about this seemingly important prisoner. He has been the subject of many works of fiction, most prominently in 1850 by Alexandre Dumas. A section of his novel The Vicomte of Bragelonne: Ten Years Later -- the final installment of his D'Artagnan saga -- features this prisoner, portrayed as Louis XIV's identical twin and forced to wear an iron mask. In 1840, Dumas had first presented a review of the popular theories about the prisoner extant in his time in the chapter "L'Homme Au Masque De Fer", published in the eighth volume of his non-fiction Crimes Celebres. This approach was adopted by many subsequent authors, and speculative works have continued to appear on the subject. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/the-western-tradition-dvd-set-all-52-shows-13-d5213.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The American Adventure: TV History Series 1607-1876 DVD MP4 USB Drive
Today, November 19, 2025

November 19, 1794: The Age Of Enlightenment (The Enlightenment, The Age Of Reason): The Age Of Revolution: The Atlantic Revolutions: The American Enlightenment: The American Revolution: The American Revolutionary War: The Aftermath Of The American Revolution: The Presidency Of George Washington: United Kingdom - United States Treaties: The Jay Treaty (The Treaty Of Amity, Commerce, And Navigation, Between His Britannic Majesty And The United States Of America; The Jay Treaty, Jay's Treaty): -- The United States and The Kingdom Of Great Britain sign Jay's Treaty in an attempt to avert war and resolve issues remaining since the Treaty Of Paris of 1783 which ended the American Revolutionary War. The Jay Treaty facilitated ten years of peaceful trade between the United States and Britain in the midst of the French Revolutionary Wars, which began in 1792. The Treaty was designed by Alexander Hamilton and supported by President George Washington. It angered France and bitterly divided Americans. It inflamed the new growth of two opposing parties in every state, the pro-Treaty Federalists and the anti-Treaty Jeffersonian Republicans. The Treaty was negotiated by John Jay and gained many of the primary American goals. This included the withdrawal of British Army units from forts in the Northwest Territory that it had refused to relinquish under the Paris Peace Treaty. The British were retaliating for the United States reneging on Articles 4 and 6 of the 1783 treaty; American state courts impeded the collection of debts owed British creditors and upheld the continued confiscation of Loyalist estates in spite of an explicit understanding that the prosecutions would be immediately discontinued. The parties agreed that disputes over wartime debts and the American-Canadian boundary were to be sent to arbitration-one of the first major uses of arbitration in modern diplomatic history. This set a precedent used by other nations. The Americans were granted limited rights to trade with British colonies in the Caribbean in exchange for some limits on the American export of cotton. The Jay treaty was signed on November 19, 1794, during the Thermidorian Reaction in France, and submitted to the United States Senate for its advice and consent the following June. It was ratified by the Senate on June 24, 1795, by a two-thirds majority vote of 20-10 (exactly the minimum number necessary for concurrence). It was also ratified by the British government, and took effect February 29, 1796, the day when ratifications were officially exchanged. The treaty was hotly contested by Jeffersonians in each state. An effort was made to block it in the House, which ultimately failed. The Jeffersonians feared that closer economic or political ties with Great Britain would strengthen Hamilton's Federalist Party, promote aristocracy, and undercut republicanism. This debate crystallized the emerging partisan divisions and shaped the new "First Party System", with the Federalists favoring the British and the Jeffersonian republicans favoring France. The treaty was for ten years' duration. Efforts failed to agree on a replacement treaty in 1806 when Jefferson rejected the Monroe-Pinkney Treaty, as tensions escalated toward the War of 1812. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/the-american-adventure-series-us-1st-century-4-dv14.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Old Time Radio History MP3 MegaSet DVD, Audio Download, USB Drive
Today, November 19, 2025

November 19, 1862: #BOTD: #HBD! Billy Sunday, American radio televangelist and athlete who, after being a popular outfielder in baseball's National League during the 1880s, became the most celebrated and influential American evangelist during the first two decades of the 20th century (d. November 6, 1935) is #born in poverty as William Ashley Sunday near Ames, Iowa. His father, William Sunday, was the son of German immigrants named Sonntag, who had anglicized their name to "Sunday" when they settled in Chambersburg, Pennsylvania. William Sunday was a bricklayer who worked his way to Iowa, where he married Mary Jane Corey, daughter of "Squire" Martin Corey, a local farmer, miller, blacksmith, and wheelwright. William Sunday enlisted in the Iowa Twenty-Third Volunteer Infantry on August 14, 1862. He died four months later of pneumonia at an army camp in Patterson, Missouri, five weeks after the birth of his youngest son, William Ashley. Mary Jane Sunday and her children moved in with her parents for a few years, and young Billy became close to his grandparents and especially his grandmother. Mary Jane Sunday later remarried, but her second husband soon deserted the family. When Billy Sunday was ten years old, his impoverished mother sent him and an older brother to the Soldiers' Orphans Home in Glenwood, Iowa, and later to the Iowa Soldiers' Orphans' Home in Davenport, Iowa. At the orphanage, Sunday gained orderly habits, a decent primary education, and the realization that he was a good athlete. Sunday spent some years at the Iowa Soldiers' Orphans' Home before working at odd jobs and playing for local running and baseball teams. His speed and agility provided him the opportunity to play baseball in the major leagues for eight years, where he was an average hitter and a good fielder known for his base-running. Converting to evangelical Christianity in the 1880s, Sunday left baseball for the Christian ministry. He gradually developed his skills as a pulpit evangelist in the Midwest and then, during the early 20th century, he became the nation's most famous evangelist with his colloquial sermons and frenetic delivery. Sunday held widely reported campaigns in America's largest cities, and he attracted the largest crowds of any evangelist before the advent of electronic sound systems. He also made a great deal of money and was welcomed into the homes of the wealthy and influential. Sunday was a strong supporter of Prohibition, and his preaching likely played a significant role in the adoption of the Eighteenth Amendment in 1919. Despite questions about his income, particularly those regarding big business financing of his prohibition crusades, no scandal ever touched Sunday. He was sincerely devoted to his wife, who also managed his campaigns, but his three sons disappointed him, engaging in many of the activities he preached against, and the Sundays paid blackmail to several women to keep the scandals relatively quiet. In 1930, Nora Lynn, their housekeeper and nanny, who had become a virtual member of the family, died. Then the Sundays' daughter, the only child actually raised by his wife Helen Thompson "Nell" Sunday, died in 1932 of what seems to have been multiple sclerosis. Their oldest son George, rescued from financial ruin by his parents, committed suicide in 1933. Nevertheless, even as the crowds declined during the last 15 years of his life, Sunday continued accepting preaching invitations and speaking with effect. In early 1935, he had a mild heart attack, and his doctor advised him to stay out of the pulpit. Sunday ignored the advice. He died on November 6, a week after preaching his last sermon on the text "What must I do to be saved?" His audiences grew smaller during the 1920s as Sunday grew older, religious revivals became less popular, and alternative sources of entertainment appeared such as radio and motion pictures. Accordingly, Billy Sunday went on to pioneer radio preaching, and did that so enthusiastically that the FCC was formed when his radio signal began overlapping ballgame broadcasts. Sunday continued to preach and remained a stalwart defender of conservative Christianity until his death. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/the-old-time-radio-history-megaset-dual-layer-mp3-dv3.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Gettysburg: A Video Civil War History DVD, Video Dowload, USB Drive
Today, November 19, 2025

November 19, 1863: The American Civil War (The Civil War, The War Between The States): The Eastern Theater Of The American Civil War: The Gettysburg Campaign: The Battle Of Gettysburg: The Gettysburg Address: -- President Abraham Lincoln delivers the Gettysburg Address during afternoon ceremonies dedicating 17 acres of the Gettysburg Battlefield as the Soldiers' National Cemetery, four and a half months after the Union armies defeated those of the Confederacy at the Battle Of Gettysburg. It is one of the best-known speeches in both American and world history. Famed orator Edward Everett of Massachusetts preceded Lincoln and spoke for two hours. Not even the day's primary speech, Lincoln then delivered his address in under two minutes. Although many in attendance were at first unimpressed, Lincoln's words have come to symbolize the definition of democracy itself, and so impressed Edward Everett that the declared that the President had more clearly come to the point of his speech in two minutes than Everett himself had in two hours. Lincoln's carefully crafted address came to be seen as one of the greatest and most influential statements of American national purpose. In just 271 words, beginning with the now iconic phrase "Four score and seven years ago", referring to the signing of the Declaration Of Independence 87 years earlier, Lincoln described the US as a nation "conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal", and represented the Civil War as a test that would determine whether such a nation, the Union sundered by the secession crisis, could endure. He extolled the sacrifices of those who died at Gettysburg in defense of those principles, and exhorted his listeners to resolve "that these dead shall not have died in vain - that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom-and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth." Despite the prominent place of the speech in the history and popular culture of the United States, its exact wording is disputed. The five known manuscripts of the Gettysburg Address in Lincoln's hand differ in a number of details, and also differ from contemporary newspaper reprints of the speech. Neither is it clear where the platform stood from which Lincoln delivered the address. Modern scholarship locates the speakers' platform 40 yards (or more) away from the traditional site in Soldiers' National Cemetery at the Soldiers' National Monument, such that it stood entirely within the private, adjacent Evergreen Cemetery. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/gettysburg-a-video-history-of-the-civil-war-dvd.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: A 78 RPM Christmas Song MP3 MegaSet CD, Audio Download, USB Stick
Today, November 19, 2025

November 19, 1905: #BOTD: #HBD! Tommy Dorsey, American jazz trombonist, composer, conductor and bandleader of the big band era, known as The "Sentimental Gentleman Of Swing" because of his smooth-toned trombone playing (d. November 26, 1956) is #born Thomas Francis Dorsey Jr. in Mahanoy Plane, Pennsylvania, the second of four children born to Thomas Francis Dorsey Sr., himself a bandleader, and Theresa (nee Langton) Dorsey. He and Jimmy, his older brother by slightly less than two years, became famous as the Dorsey Brothers. His theme song was "I'm Getting Sentimental Over You". His technical skill on the trombone gave him renown among other musicians. After Dorsey broke with his brother in the mid-1930s, he led an extremely popular and highly successful band from the late 1930s into the 1950s. He is best remembered for standards such as "Opus One", "Song of India", "Marie", "On Treasure Island", and his biggest hit single, "I'll Never Smile Again". Jimmy Dorsey broke up his big band in 1953. Tommy invited him to join as a feature attraction. In 1953, the Dorseys focused their attention on television. On December 26, 1953, the brothers appeared with their orchestra on Jackie Gleason's CBS television show, which was preserved on kinescope and later released on home video by Gleason. The brothers took the unit on tour and onto their own television show, Stage Show, from 1954 to 1956. In January 1956 The Dorseys made rock music history introducing Elvis Presley on his national television debut. Presley, then a regional country singer, made six guest appearances on Stage Show promoting his first releases for RCA Records several months before his more familiar visits to the Milton Berle, Steve Allen, and Ed Sullivan variety programs. Tommy Dorsey died a week after his 51st birthday in his Greenwich, Connecticut home. He had begun taking sleeping pills regularly at this time, from which he was so sedated that he died in his sleep from choking after eating a heavy meal. He is buried at Kensico Cemetery in Valhalla, New York. His brother Jimmy Dorsey then led Tommy's band until his own death from lung cancer the following year. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/a-78-rpm-christmas-mp3783.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Between The Wars TV Documentary Series DVD, Video Download, USB Drive
Today, November 19, 2025

November 19, 1919: The Aftermath Of World War I: The Paris Peace Conference (1919-1920) (The Versailles Peace Conference [1919-1920]): The Treaty Of Versailles (French: Traite De Versailles): The United States Senate Rejection Of The Treaty Of Versailles: The United States Senate's First Rejection Of The Treaty Of Versailles: -- The United States Senate, after voting twice on the matter, rejects The Treaty Of Versailles for the first time; the second and final time was on March 19, 1920. The first of the day's two votes was for a version of the treaty with The 14 Reservations - to match President Wilson's Fourteen Points in the treaty -- reservations drafted by the Senate majority leader Henry Cabot Lodge, a Republican from Massachusetts, who specifically opposed the treaty section regarding the League of Nations; he argued that the United States would give up too much power under the League, so he drafted The 14 Reservations to reduce the control the league would have over the United States. This was the closest the treaty ever came to passage, as Lodge and his Republicans formed a coalition with the pro-treaty Democrats, and were close to a two-thirds majority for a Treaty with these reservations. Wilson however rejected this compromise, and ordered his supporters to vote against that version, and with the "Irreconcilables" -- a faction of the Senate led by William Borah who opposed The Treaty Of Versailles with or without the reservations -- also voting against it, it fell short of a two-thirds majority needed for passage by a 55-39 vote. The second vote of the day, on a version without Lodge's reservations, ended in a similar 53-38 vote, this time with the Cabot Republicans and the irreconcilables forming the opposition. The treaty would come up again for for a vote in the Senate for the final time on March 19, 1920, this time on a version with reservations, but it was rejected by a vote of 49-35, falling seven votes short of a two-thirds majority needed for approval. The March 20, 1920 New York Times reported, "After the session ended senators of both parties united in declaring that in their opinion the treaty was now dead to stay dead." The Treaty Of Versailles was a formal peace treaty between the World War I Allies and Germany. The leaders of the "Big Four" Allies (Britain, France, Italy and the United States) met in Paris in early 1919 to draft the treaty. President Woodrow Wilson presented his Fourteen Points, a series of measures intended to ensure future peace. The points included the formation of an international organization known as the League of Nations (similar to the modern United Nations), which was adopted in the treaty. Representatives of each country signed the treaty in June 1919. For the United States to accept its conditions, however, it had to be ratified by Congress. In place of The Treaty Of Versailles, in 1921 Congress passed a resolution, known as the Knox-Porter Resolution, to formally end the war with Germany. The United States would never join the League of Nations, which was just one of several problems the organization would have in building power and credibility. The League of Nations failed in its goal to maintain peace, as World War II broke out just 20 years after its founding. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/between-the-wars-dvd-set-all-16-tv-shows-4-discs164.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Old Time Radio Comedy MegaSet MP3 Collection DVD, Download, USB
Today, November 19, 2025

November 19, 1919: #BOTD: #HBD! Alan Young, British-born Canadian-American actor, voice actor, singer, comedian, director and radio and television host/personality who TV Guide called "The Charlie Chaplin of Television" (d. May 19, 2016) is #born Angus Young in North Shields, Northumberland, England, to Scottish parents; in his later years he claimed he had been born in 1924. His father was a mine worker and a tap dancer, and his mother was a singer. The family moved to Edinburgh, Scotland, when Young was a toddler and to West Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, when he was six years old. Young came to love radio when bedridden as a child because of severe asthma. By the time he was in high school, Young had his own comedy radio series on the CBC network, but he left it during the Second World War to serve in the Royal Canadian Navy. He later resigned his Navy commission after learning he would be spending his time writing for a Navy show, and he attempted to join the Canadian Army. According to some sources, the Army rejected him due to his childhood asthma. After leaving the service, Young moved to Toronto and resumed his Canadian radio career, where he was discovered by an American agent who brought him to New York City in 1944 to appear on American radio. He ultimately became best known for his role as naive Wilbur Post in the television comedy series Mister Ed (1961-1966). Young was also the voice of Disney's Scrooge McDuck for over thirty years, first in the Academy Award-nominated short film Mickey's Christmas Carol (1983) and in various other films, TV series and video games until his death. During the 1940s and 1950s, he starred in his own variety/comedy sketch shows The Alan Young Show on radio and television, the latter gaining him two Emmy Awards in 1951. He also appeared in a number of feature films, starting from 1946, including the 1960 film The Time Machine and from the 1980s gaining a new generation of viewers appearing in numerous Walt Disney Productions films as both an actor and voice actor. Alan Young died at The Motion Picture & Television Country House And Hospital in Woodland Hills, California, a retirement community where Young spent his later years, of natural causes at the age of 96. He was buried at sea. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/old-time-radio-comedy-mp3-dvd-megaset-2-dis32.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Popul Vuh Maya Creation Myth + Bonus Fall Of The Maya DVD MP4 USB
Today, November 19, 2025

November 19, 1922: #BOTD: #HBD! Yuri Knorozov, Soviet soldier, linguist, epigrapher, ethnographer and Mayanist, who is particularly renowned for the pivotal role his research played in the decipherment of the Maya script, the writing system used by the pre-Columbian Maya civilization of Mesoamerica, recipient of the Order of the Aztec Eagle, the highest decoration awarded by Mexico to non-citizens (d. March 31, 1999) is #born Yuri Valentinovich Knorozov in the village Pivdenne near Kharkiv, at that time the capital of the newly formed Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic. His parents were Russian intellectuals, and his paternal grandmother Maria Sakhavyan had been a stage actress of national repute in Armenia. At school, the young Yuri was a difficult and somewhat eccentric student, who made indifferent progress in a number of subjects and was almost expelled for poor and willful behaviour. However, it became clear that he was academically bright with an inquisitive temperament; he was an accomplished violinist, wrote romantic poetry and could draw with accuracy and attention to detail. In 1940 at the age of 17, Knorozov left Kharkiv for Moscow where he commenced undergraduate studies in the newly created Department of Ethnology at Moscow State University's department of History. He initially specialised in Egyptology. Knorozov's study plans were soon interrupted by the outbreak of World War II hostilities along the Eastern Front in mid-1941. From 1943 to 1945 Knorozov served his term in the second world war in the Red Army as an artillery spotter. At the closing stages of the war in May 1945, Knorozov and his unit supported the push of the Red Army vanguard into Berlin. It was here, sometime in the aftermath of the Battle of Berlin, that Knorozov retrieved a book from the German National Library which would spark his later interest in and association with deciphering the Maya script, a book which remarkably enough turned out to be a rare edition containing reproductions of the three Maya codices which were then known: the Dresden, Madrid and Paris codices. In 1952, the then 30-year-old Knorozov published a paper which was later to prove to be a seminal work in the field, "Ancient Writing of Central America". The general thesis of this paper put forward the observation that early scripts such as ancient Egyptian and Cuneiform which were generally or formerly thought to be predominantly logographic or even purely ideographic in nature, in fact contained a significant phonetic component. Upon the publication of this work from a then hardly known scholar, Knorozov and his thesis came under some severe and at times dismissive criticism. The situation was further complicated by Knorozov's paper appearing during the height of the Cold War, and many were able to dismiss his paper as being founded on misguided Marxist-Leninist ideology and polemic. Indeed, in keeping with the mandatory practices of the time, Knorozov's paper was prefaced by a foreword written by the journal's editor which contained digressions and propagandist comments extolling the State-sponsored approach by which Knorozov had succeeded where Western scholarship had failed. However, despite claims to the contrary by several of Knorozov's detractors, Knorozov himself never did include such polemic in his writings. Knorozov persisted with his publications in spite of the criticism and rejection of many Mayanists of the time. He was perhaps shielded to some extent from the ramifications of peer disputation, since his position and standing at the institute was not adversely influenced by criticism from Western academics. Prof. Michael D. Coe (May 14, 1929 - September 25, 2019), American archaeologist, anthropologist, epigrapher and author, among the foremost Mayanists of the modern era and known for his research on pre-Columbian Mesoamerica generally and the Maya particularly, wrote "Yuri Knorozov, a man who was far removed from the Western scientific establishment and who, prior to the late 1980s, never saw a Mayan ruin nor touch a real Mayan inscription, had nevertheless, against all odds, "made possible the modern decipherment of Maya hieroglyphic writing." As his theories became more widely known, Knorozov was in 1956 granted leave to attend an international convention of Mesoamerican scholars in Copenhagen. This was to be his one and only venture for quite some time, since as a Soviet academic, Knorozov was subject to the usual restrictions placed on travel abroad. Over subsequent years western Mayanists needed to travel to Leningrad to meet up with him. It was not until 1990 that he was eventually able to leave Russia again and finally visit the ancient Maya homelands and archaeological sites in Mexico and Guatemala. This was at the invitation of the Guatemalan President Marco Vinicio Cerezo Arevalo, at a time of improved diplomatic relations between the two countries. Cerezo presented him with an honorary medal, and Knorozov was able to extend his stay in the region, visiting several of the important Maya sites such as Tikal. The government of Mexico awarded him the Orden del Aguila Azteca (Order of the Aztec Eagle), the highest decoration awarded by Mexico to non-citizens, which was presented to him at a ceremony at the Mexican Embassy in Moscow on November 30, 1994. Knorozov had broad interest in, and contributed to, other investigative fields such as archaeology, semiotics, human migration to the Americas and the evolution of the mind. However, it is his contributions to the field of Maya studies for which he is best remembered. In his very last years, Knorozov is also known to have pointed to a place in the United States as the likely location of Chicomoztoc, the ancestral land from which, according to ancient documents and accounts considered mythical by a sizable number of scholars, indigenous peoples now living in Mexico are said to have come. Knorozov died in Saint Petersburg on March 31, 1999, of pneumonia in the corridors of a city hospital (his daughter Ekaterina Knorozova declares that he died in a regular hospital ward at 6 am, surrounded by the care of his family during his last days), just before he was due to receive the honorary Proskouriakoff Award from Harvard University. His burial details are not publicly disclosed. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/popul-vuh-dvd-animated-mayan-hero-twins-creation-myth.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: History Of Talk Radio w/Lauren Hutton + Dateline: Howard Stern MP4 DVD
Today, November 19, 2025

November 19, 1933: #BOTD: #HBD! Larry King, American journalist, author, radio, television and talk show host who conducted over 60,000 interviews on radio and TV, whose awards included two Peabodys, an Emmy and 10 Cable ACE Awards (d. January 23, 2021) is #born Lawrence Harvey Zeiger in Brooklyn, New York into an Orthodox Jewish family who immigrated to the United States from modern day Belarus in the 1920s, one of two sons of Jennie (nee Gitlitz), a garment worker who was born in Minsk, Russian Empire, and Aaron Edward Zeiger, a restaurant owner and defense-plant worker who was born in Pinsk, Russian Empire. King at Lafayette High School, a public high school in Brooklyn. He was a WMBM radio interviewer in the Miami area in the 1950s and 1960s and beginning in 1978, gained national prominence as host of The Larry King Show, an all-night nationwide call-in radio program heard over the Mutual Broadcasting System. From 1985 to 2010, he hosted the nightly interview television program Larry King Live on CNN. King hosted Larry King Now from 2012 to 2020, which aired on Hulu, Ora TV, and RT America. He hosted Politicking with Larry King, a weekly political talk show, on the same three channels from 2013 to 2020. King also appeared in television series and films, usually playing himself. He remained active until his death in 2021. That year, he suffered from a bout of COVID-19 and shortly after his recovery, died from sepsis at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, California, aged 87. He is buried at Hillside Memorial Park Cemetery, a Jewish cemetery in Culver City, California where many Jews from the entertainment industry are buried. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/hioftarawila.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Dick Cavett Interviews Gore Vidal DVD, Video Download, USB Flash Drive
Today, November 19, 2025

November 19, 1936: #BOTD: #HBD! Dick Cavett, American actor, journalist, author, television personality and former talk show host notable for his conversational style and in-depth discussions, is #born Richard Alva Cavett in Buffalo County, Nebraska, but sources differ as to the specific town, locating his birthplace in either Gibbon, where his family lived, or nearby Kearney, the location of the nearest hospital. Cavett himself has stated that Gibbon was his birthplace. Dick Cavett appeared regularly on nationally broadcast television in the United States in five consecutive decades, the 1960s through the 2000s. Although his shows did not attract a wide audience, remaining in third place in the ratings behind Carson and Merv Griffin, he earned a reputation as "the thinking man's talk show host" and received favorable reviews from critics. As a talk show host, Cavett has been noted for his ability to listen to his guests and engage them in intellectual conversation. Clive James described Cavett "as a true sophisticate with a daunting intellectual range" and "the most distinguished talk-show host in America." He is also known for his ability to remain calm and mediate between contentious guests In later years, Cavett wrote a column for the online New York Times, promoted DVDs of his former shows as well as a book of his Times columns, and hosted replays of his TV interviews with Salvador Dali, Groucho Marx, Katharine Hepburn, Judy Garland, Marlon Brando, John Lennon and others on Turner Classic Movies. Cavett narrated the HBO documentary series Time Was. Each episode covered a decade, ranging from the 1920s to the 1970s. The show originally aired in November 1979 and ran for six months. Cavett also hosted a documentary series for HBO in the early 1980s titled Remember When... that examined changes in American culture over time, as well as HBO's monthly review series HBO Magazine. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/dick-cavett-interviews-gore-vidal-dvd.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Fidel Castro Documentaries MP4 Video Download DVD Set
Today, November 19, 2025

November 19, 1938: #BOTD: #HBD! Ted Turner, American businessman, entrepreneur, television producer, media proprietor, and philanthropist, founder of WTBS, which pioneered the superstation concept in cable television, which evolved into the Turner Broadcasting System (TBS), founder of the basic cable television channel Turner Network Television (TNT), founder the Cable News Network (CNN), the first 24-hour cable news channel, is #born Robert Edward Turner III in Cincinnati, Ohio. As a philanthropist, he gave 1B USD to create the United Nations Foundation, a public charity to broaden U.S. support for the UN. Turner serves as Chairman of the United Nations Foundation board of directors. Additionally, in 2001, Turner co-founded the Nuclear Threat Initiative with US Senator Sam Nunn (D-GA). NTI is a non-partisan organization dedicated to reducing global reliance on, and preventing the proliferation of nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons. He currently serves as Co-Chairman of the Board of Directors. Turner's media empire began with his father's billboard business, Turner Outdoor Advertising, which he took over in 1963 after his father's suicide. It was worth 1M USDHis purchase of an Atlanta UHF station in 1970 began the Turner Broadcasting System. CNN revolutionized news media, covering the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster in 1986 and the Persian Gulf War in 1991. Turner turned the Atlanta Braves baseball team into a nationally popular franchise (including winning the 1995 World Series under his ownership), and launched the charitable Goodwill Games. He helped revive interest in professional wrestling by buying World Championship Wrestling (WCW). Turner's penchant for controversial statements earned him the nicknames "The Mouth of the South" and "Captain Outrageous". Turner has also devoted his assets to environmental causes. He was the largest private landowner in the United States until John C. Malone surpassed him in 2011. He uses much of his land for ranches to re-popularize bison meat (for his Ted's Montana Grill chain), amassing the largest herd in the world. He also created the environmental-themed animated series Captain Planet and the Planeteers. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/fidel-castro-documentaries-dvd.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Franklin D. Roosevelt Documentaries DVD, Video Download, USB Drive
Today, November 19, 2025

November 19, 1939: The Presidential Library System: Presidential Libraries (Presidential Centers, Presidential Museums) (United States): The Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library And Museum: -- Construction of the first presidential library, The Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library And Museum, begins as President Franklin D. Roosevelt lays the cornerstone next to his home in Hyde Park, New York. Roosevelt donated the land, but public donations funded the library building which was dedicated on June 30, 1941. In front of an estimated 1,000 onlookers, Roosevelt placed inside the cornerstone a metal box containing several items including the Articles of Incorporation of the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Inc.; several congressional resolutions, reports, and hearings related to the library; copies of deeds related to the property; the text of an address on the Roosevelt Library by Archivist of the United States R.D.W. Connors spoken before a meeting of the 1939 Society of American Archivists; and copies of New York daily newspapers from November 19, 1939. It is the first Presidential library within the National Archives. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/franklin-roosevelt-documentaries-dual-layer-dvd.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Saboteurs Of Telemark Nazi German Atom Bomb Sabotage DVD, MP4, USB
Today, November 19, 2025

November 19, 1942: The European Civil War: World War II: The Second European War (The European Theater Of World War II): The Western Front Of World War II: The German Nuclear Weapons Program (German: Uranverein, "Uranium Club", Uranprojekt, "Uranium Project": The Norwegian Heavy Water Sabotage (Bokmal: Tungtvannsaksjonen; Nynorsk: Tungtvassaksjonen) (The Telemark Raids): Operation Freshman: -- British paratroopers launch a brave but unsuccessful attempt to sabotage the German heavy water production facilities, intended to help Nazi Germany build an atomic bomb, at Telemark, Norway. The Norwegian Heavy Water Sabotage (Bokmal: Tungtvannsaksjonen; Nynorsk: Tungtvassaksjonen) was a series of Allied-led efforts to halt German heavy water production via hydroelectric plants in Nazi Germany-occupied Norway during World War II, involving both Norwegian commandos and Allied bombing raids. During the war, the Allies sought to inhibit the German development of nuclear weapons with the removal of heavy water and the destruction of heavy-water production plants. The Norwegian heavy water sabotage was aimed at the 60 MW Vemork power station at the Rjukan waterfall in Telemark. The hydroelectric power plant at Vemork was built in 1934. It was the world's first site to mass-produce heavy water (as a byproduct of nitrogen fixing), with a capacity of 12 tonnes per year. Before the German invasion of Norway on 9 April 1940, the French Deuxieme Bureau removed 185 kilograms (408 lb) of heavy water from the Vemork plant in then-neutral Norway. The plant's managing director agreed to lend France the heavy water for the duration of the war. The French transported it secretly to Oslo, then to Perth, Scotland, and then to France. The plant was still capable of producing heavy water, however, and the Allies were concerned that the Germans would use the facility to produce more heavy water. Between 1940 and 1944, a series of sabotage actions by the Norwegian resistance movement and Allied bombing ensured the destruction of the plant and the loss of its heavy water. These operations - code-named Grouse, Freshman, and Gunnerside - knocked the plant out of production in early 1943. In Operation Grouse, the British Special Operations Executive (SOE) successfully placed an advance team of four Norwegians on the Hardanger Plateau above the plant in October 1942. The unsuccessful Operation Freshman was mounted the following month by British paratroopers, who were to rendezvous with the Operation Grouse Norwegians and proceed to Vemork. This attempt failed when the military gliders (and one of their tugs, a Handley Page Halifax) crashed short of their destination. Except for the crew of one Halifax bomber, all the participants were killed in the crashes or captured, interrogated and executed by the Gestapo. In February 1943, a team of SOE-trained Norwegian commandos destroyed the production facility in Operation Gunnerside; this was followed by Allied bombing raids. The Germans ceased operations, and attempted to move the remaining heavy water to Germany. Norwegian resistance forces then sank the ferry carrying the heavy water, the SF Hydro, on Lake Tinn. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/the-saboteurs-of-telemark-dvd-nazi-heavy-water-sabotage.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Battle Of Stalingrad DVD, MP4 Video Download, USB Flash Drive
Today, November 19, 2025

November 19, 1942: The European Civil War: World War II: The Second European War (The European Theater Of World War II): The Eastern Front Of World War II: The Great Patriotic War (The German-Soviet War): The Battle Of Stalingrad: Operation Uranus (Russian: Operatsiya Uran): -- At 07:20 Moscow time, the Soviet Red Army under General Georgy Zhukov begin Operation Uranus with at attack on the northern flank of the Axis forces at Stalingrad. Operation Uranus (Russian: Operatsiya Uran) was the codename of the massive Soviet November 19-23, 1942 strategic counter-offensive operation against the invading Nazi Germans led by Field Marshal Friedrich Von Paulus at Stalingrad, which led to the encirclement of the German Sixth Army, the Third and Fourth Romanian armies, and portions of the German Fourth Panzer Army, ultimately bringing about the liberation of the city and the beginnning of a string of victories by the Soviets against Nazi Germany. The operation was executed at roughly the midpoint of the five-month long Battle Of Stalingrad, and was aimed at destroying German forces in and around Stalingrad. Planning for Operation Uranus had commenced in September 1942, and was developed simultaneously with plans to envelop and destroy German Army Group Center (Operation Mars) and German forces in the Caucasus. The Red Army took advantage of the German army's poor preparation for winter, and the fact that its forces in the southern Soviet Union were overstretched near Stalingrad, using weaker Romanian troops to guard their flanks; the offensives' starting points were established along the section of the front directly opposite Romanian forces. These Axis armies lacked heavy equipment to deal with Soviet armor. Due to the length of the front created by the German summer offensive, aimed at taking the Caucasus oil fields and the city of Stalingrad, German and other Axis forces were forced to guard sectors beyond the length they were meant to occupy. The situation was exacerbated by the German decision to relocate several mechanized divisions from the Soviet Union to Western Europe. Furthermore, units in the area were depleted after months of fighting, especially those which took part in the fighting in Stalingrad. The Germans could only count on the XXXXVIII Panzer Corps, which had the strength of a single panzer division, and the 29th Panzergrenadier Division as reserves to bolster their Romanian allies on the German Sixth Army's flanks. In comparison, the Red Army deployed over one million personnel for the purpose of beginning the offensive in and around Stalingrad. Soviet troop movements were not without problems, due to the difficulties of concealing their build-up, and to Soviet units commonly arriving late due to logistical issues. Operation Uranus was first postponed from November 8 to 17, then to November 19. Soviet forces of Operation Uranus located in the south began their offensive operations on November 20. Although Romanian units were able to repel the first attacks, by the end of November 20 the Third and Fourth Romanian armies were in headlong retreat, as the Red Army bypassed several German infantry divisions. German mobile reserves were not strong enough to parry the Soviet mechanized spearheads, while the Sixth Army did not react quickly enough nor decisively enough to disengage German armored forces in Stalingrad and reorient them to defeat the impending threat. By late November 22 Soviet forces linked up at the town of Kalach, encircling some 290,000 men east of the Don River. Instead of attempting to break out of the encirclement, German leader Adolf Hitler decided to keep Axis forces in Stalingrad and resupply them by air. In the meantime, Soviet and German commanders began to plan their next movements. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/battle-of-stalingrad-dual-layer-dvd.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Ronald Reagan Documentary Biography DVD, Video Download, USB Drive
Today, November 19, 2025

November 19, 1962: #BOTD: #HBD! Jodie Foster, American actress, director, film producer, filmmaker and beauty, is born Alicia Christian Foster in Los Angeles, California. She is the recipient of numerous accolades, including two Academy Awards, three British Academy Film Awards, three Golden Globe Awards, and the honorary Cecil B. DeMille Award. For her work as a director, she has been nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award. People magazine named her the most beautiful woman in the world in 1992, and in 2003, she was voted Number 23 in Channel 4's countdown of the 100 Greatest Movie Stars of All Time. Entertainment Weekly named her 57th on their list of 100 Greatest Movie Stars of All Time in 1996. In 2016, she was inducted into the Hollywood Walk of Fame with a motion pictures star located at 6927 Hollywood Boulevard. Foster began her professional career as a child model at age three and made her acting debut in 1968 in the television sitcom Mayberry R.F.D. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, she worked in multiple television series and made her film debut with Disney's Napoleon and Samantha (1972). Following appearances in the musical Tom Sawyer (1973) and Martin Scorsese's comedy-drama Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore (1974), her breakthrough came with Scorsese's psychological thriller Taxi Driver (1976), in which she played a child prostitute, and received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. Her other roles as a teenager include the comedy musical Bugsy Malone (1976) and the thriller The Little Girl Who Lives Down the Lane (1976), and she became a popular teen idol by starring in Disney's Freaky Friday (1976) and Candleshoe (1977), as well as Carny (1980) and Foxes (1980). After attending Yale University, Foster struggled to transition into adult roles until she garnered critical acclaim for playing a rape survivor in the legal drama The Accused (1988), for which she won the Academy Award for Best Actress. She won her second Academy Award three years later for the psychological horror film The Silence of the Lambs (1991), in which she portrayed FBI agent Clarice Starling. She made her debut as a film director the same year with Little Man Tate. She founded her own production company, Egg Pictures, in 1992. Its first production was Nell (1994), in which Foster also played the title role, receiving her fourth Academy Award nomination. Her other successful films in the 1990s were the romantic drama Sommersby (1993), western comedy Maverick (1994), science fiction Contact (1997), and period drama Anna and the King (1999). Foster experienced career setbacks in the early 2000s, including the cancellation of a film project and the closing down of her production company, but she then starred in four commercially successful thrillers: Panic Room (2002), Flightplan (2005), Inside Man (2006), and The Brave One (2007). She has concentrated on directing in the 2010s, with the films The Beaver (2011) and Money Monster (2016), and episodes for Netflix television series Orange Is the New Black, House of Cards, and Black Mirror. She received her first Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series for "Lesbian Request Denied", the third episode of the former. She also starred in the films Carnage (2011), Elysium (2013), Hotel Artemis (2018), and The Mauritanian (2021), with the latter winning Foster her third Golden Globe Award. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/ronald-reagan-dvd-tv-biography.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Gorbachev: The Rise And Fall + Oleg Gordievsky Doc MP4 Download DVD
Today, November 19, 2025

November 19-20, 1985: United States-Soviet Union Relations (US-Soviet Relations, US-USSR Relations): United States-Soviet Union Diplomatic Conferences (US-Soviet Diplomatic Conferences, US-USSR Diplomatic Conferences): The Aftermath Of World War II: The Cold War: The Geneva Summit Of 1985: -- The Geneva Summit Of 1985: U.S. President Ronald Reagan and Soviet Union leader Mikhail Gorbachev meet for the first time in Geneva, Switzerland. It was held to hold talks on international diplomatic relations and the arms race. Both the Soviet Union and the United States were seeking to cut the number of nuclear weapons, with the Soviets seeking to halve the number of nuclear-equipped bombers and missiles, and the U.S. desiring to ensure that neither side gained a first-strike advantage, and to protect rights to have defensive systems. Diplomats struggled to come up with planned results in advance, with Soviets rejecting the vast majority of the items that U.S. negotiators proposed. With the meeting planned months in advance, the two superpowers used the opportunity to posture and to stake their positions in the court of public opinion. Reagan's security advisor Robert McFarlane announced that they were having "real trouble establishing a dialogue" with the Soviets, and announced a first test for the Strategic Defense Initiative missile defense. The Soviets announced a unilateral moratorium on underground nuclear tests and invited the Americans to join them, a request that was rebuffed. On November 19, 1985, U.S. president Ronald Reagan and Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev met for the first time, in Geneva, to hold talks on international diplomatic relations and the arms race. The meeting was held at Maison de Saussure, a chateau rented by His Highness the Aga Khan. Gorbachev later said: "We viewed the Geneva meeting realistically, without grand expectations, yet we hoped to lay the foundations for a serious dialogue in the future." Similar to former president Eisenhower in 1955, Reagan believed that a personal relationship among leaders was the necessary first step to breaking down the barriers of tension that existed between the two countries. Reagan's goal was to convince Gorbachev that America desired peace above all else. Reagan described his hopes for the summit as a "mission for peace". The first thing Reagan said to Gorbachev was "The United States and the Soviet Union are the two greatest countries on Earth, the superpowers. They are the only ones who can start World War 3, but also the only two countries that could bring peace to the world". He then emphasized the personal similarities between the two leaders, with both being born in similar "rural hamlets in the middle of their respective countries" and the great responsibilities they held. Their first meeting exceeded their time limit by over a half an hour. A Reagan assistant asked Secretary Of State George Shultz whether he should interrupt the meeting to end it by its allotted time. Shultz responded, "If you think so, then you shouldn't have this job." The first day, Mikhail Gorbachev argued that the United States did not trust them and that its ruling class was trying to keep the people uneasy. Ronald Reagan countered that the Soviets had been acting aggressively and suggested the Soviets were overly paranoid about the United States (The Soviets had refused to allow American planes use Soviet airfields in post-World War II Germany). They broke for lunch and Reagan promised Gorbachev he'd have a chance to rebut. They talked outside for about two hours on the Strategic Defense Initiative, but both stood firm. Gorbachev accepted Reagan's invitation to the United States in a year, and Reagan was invited to do the same in 1987. On the second day, Reagan went after human rights, saying that he did not want to tell Gorbachev how to run his country, but that he should ease up on emigration restrictions. Gorbachev claimed that the Soviets were comparable to the United States and quoted some feminists. The next session started with arguments about the arms race, then went into SDI. They agreed to a joint statement. The two leaders held similar meetings over the next few years to further discuss the topics. Gorbachev then held summits with George H.W. Bush after the latter became president, starting with the Malta Summit in 1989. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/gorbachev-the-rise-and-fall-dvd-mp4-usb-flash-driv4.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Global Rivals: History Of Cold War w/Marvin Kalb DVD, MP4, USB Drive
Today, November 19, 2025

November 19-20, 1990: The Aftermath Of World War II: The Cold War: Arms Control: Arms Control Treaties: The Treaty On Conventional Armed Forces In Europe: The Treaty On Conventional Armed Forces In Europe: The Treaty On Conventional Armed Forces In Europe Signature Ceremony In Paris: -- The Cold War comes to an end (though only for a generation in time as events have shown) during a summit in Paris as leaders of NATO and the Warsaw Pact signed a Treaty On Conventional Armed Forces In Europe, vastly reducing their military arsenals. The original Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE) was negotiated and concluded during the last years of the Cold War and established comprehensive limits on key categories of conventional military equipment in Europe (from the Atlantic to the Urals) and mandated the destruction of excess weaponry. The treaty proposed equal limits for the two "groups of states-parties", the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the Warsaw Pact. In 2007, Russia "suspended" its participation in the treaty, and on March 10, 2015, citing NATO's de facto breach of the Treaty, Russia formally announced it was "completely" halting its participation in it as of the next day. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/global-rivals-history-of-cold-war-w-mavin-kalb-dvd-mp4-usb-driv4.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Jack Paar Late-Night TV Talk Shows DVD, MP4 Download, USB Flash Drive
Today, November 19, 2025
November 19: World Toilet Day: -- An annual observance designated by The United Nations General Assembly, and is coordinated every year by a partnership between UN-Water and governments around the world. Today, we talk about the one invention that's kept hidden behind closed doors, but is undeniably important, and so this day is an "ode to the commode". Jack Sim, a philanthropist from Singapore, founded the World Toilet Organization on November 19, 2001, subsequently declaring the day World Toilet Day. The WTO chose "World Toilet Day" as opposed to "World Sanitation Day" for ease of public messaging, though toilets are only the first stage of sanitation apparatuses. World Toilet Day was made to spread and increase public awareness of broader sanitations systems such as wastewater treatment, stormwater management, and hand washing. Goal 6 of the UN Sustainable Development Goals calls for adequate sanitation, which includes the system assuring that waste is safely processed. Their efforts to call attention to the sanitation crises were strengthened in 2010 when the right to water and sanitation was officially declared a human right by the UN. In 2013, a joint effort between the Government of Singapore and the World Toilet Organization led to Singapore's first UN resolution called "Sanitation for All." This resolution called for the collective action to end the world sanitation crises. As a result, World Toilet Day was declared an official UN day and the resolution was adopted by 122 countries at the 67th session of the UN General Assembly in New York. During World Toilet Day 2015, United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon advocated action to renew efforts to provide access to satisfactory sanitation for all, reminding everyone of the "Call to Action on Sanitation" which was launched in 2013 and aimed to end open defecation by 2025. https://store.earthstation1.com/jack-paar-tv-shows-old-time-television-dual-layer-dvd.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Gimme That Old Time Christmas! Holiday Films DVD, MP4 Download, USB
Today, November 19, 2025
November 19: Have A Bad Day Day: -- Today provides the ideal opportunity for those who must wish others a happy day while having a bad day themselves. The idea behind the day is that people do not have to mask their actual feelings and embrace the truth. It is also a glorious day for pranksters to confuse others by wishing them a bad day. It is a major day for people in customer service to showcase their true emotions to their customers, who are just used to seeing happy faces. Just remember to be aware of who can handle such a greeting and who can't! We are all humans, and it is very human to have a bad day. The problem is that we are usually not able to express it. Society has a way of making people hide their true feelings and forcing them to smile even when they want to cry. Have a Bad Day Day was created by Thomas Roy and his wife Ruth. They created this day, along with so many other interesting and thought-provoking days. People in the customer service sector are the primary beneficiaries of this day. Because they are the people who have to put up a facade of a smiling face and politeness every day in front of their customers. The idea behind this special day is that there should at least be a day when people can open up about their true feelings without being judged or tormented for doing so. You can also celebrate the day if you love to open up without being judged, or if you want to cause a bit of confusion and chaos just for fun. The day is also a perfect opportunity to prank and confuse others. Hey, we are not judgmental. Who wouldn't want to cause a bit of mayhem then and now? The real potential of the day lies in opening up. People do not have to hide their pain inside and put on a mask of a smiling face for others to be polite. Taking a day to truly express that it is a bad day can help lose some weight from a heavy heart. This is a day when people can shout out their feelings without being judged or being impolite. It is also good to have a change in tone once a year. What is life without a bit of fun? So, tell the world to have a bad day and do it with the brightest smile you can muster. https://store.earthstation1.com/gimme-that-old-time-christmas-classic-yuletide-holiday-films-dvd.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The Indomitable Teddy Roosevelt w/ George C Scott DVD, Download, USB
Today, November 19, 2025
November 19, 1897: #BOTD: #HBD! Quentin Roosevelt, American lieutenant and pilot, youngest son of President Theodore Roosevelt and First Lady Edith Roosevelt (d. July 14, 1918) is #born Quentin Roosevelt I in Washington, D.C. into Theodore Roosevelt's family, which included half-sister Alice, sister Ethel, and brothers Ted (Theodore III), Kermit, and Archie. Quentin was three years old when his father became president, and he grew up in the White House. By far the favorite of all of President Roosevelt's children, Quentin was also the most rambunctious. Quentin's behavior prompted his mother, Edith, to label him a "fine bad little boy". Amongst Quentin's many adventures with the "White House Gang" (a name assigned by T.R. to Quentin and his friends, which included William Taft's son, and Roswell Pinckney, future state department official and son of African American White House steward Henry Pinckney), Quentin carved a baseball diamond on the White House lawn without permission, defaced official presidential portraits in the White House with spitballs, threw snowballs from the White House's roof at unsuspecting Secret Service guards, and occasionally rode on top of the family elevator with his friend, Charlie Taft, the son of Secretary of War and future President William Howard Taft. The Secret Service were alarmed to see a fire and smoke behind the White House, only to see Quentin with a makeshift brick stove baking some potatoes. He quickly became known for his humorous and sometimes philosophical remarks. To a reporter trying to trap the boy into giving information about his father, Quentin admitted, "I see him occasionally, but I know nothing of his family life." The family soon learned to keep him quiet during dinner when important guests were present. Once, when his brother Archie was terribly ill, it was Quentin (with the help of Charles Lee, a White House coachman) who brought the pony Algonquin to his room by elevator, sure that this would make his brother smile. Quentin started his education at Force Elementary School and then attended the Episcopal High School in Alexandria, Virginia. Later he was a student at the Evans School for Boys and Groton School. Quentin consistently scored high marks and displayed the intellectual prowess of his father. He was admitted to Harvard University in 1915. By the time Quentin was a sophomore at Harvard, also like his father, he was showing promise as a writer. Quentin Roosevelt died when he was killed in aerial combat over France on Bastille Day, the only child of a U.S. president to have died in combat. Quentin Roosevelt was posthumously awarded an A.B. (War Degree) by Harvard, Class of 1919. Three German pilots have been credited with Quentin's shootdown and death at various times, and all three of them may have been his killer. Leutnant Karl Thom of Jasta 21, one of the greatest German flying aces of the war, was in the vicinity and had confirmed kills nearby; he was often credited with Quentin's downing, but never claimed the kill.[citation needed] Leutnant Christian Donhauser of Jasta 17 claimed credit and publicized himself as Quentin's killer after the war.[citation needed] Sergeant Carl Graeper of Jasta 50 also claimed credit, but if he did fire the fatal shots, it was his only kill during the war.[citation needed] All three of them may have been in the dogfight which claimed Quentin's life. A clipping from the Kolnische Zeitung obtained through the Spanish Embassy gave this account of the fight: "The aviator of the American Squadron, Quentin Roosevelt, in trying to break through the airzone over the Marne, met the death of a hero. A formation of seven German airplanes, while crossing the Marne, saw in the neighborhood of Dormans a group of twelve American fighting airplanes and attacked them. A lively air battle began, in which one American (Quentin) in particular persisted in attacking. The principal feature of the battle consisted in an air duel between the American and a German fighting pilot named Sergeant Greper. After a short struggle, Greper succeeded in bringing the brave American just before his gun-sights. After a few shots the plane apparently got out of his control; the American began to fall and struck the ground near the village of Chamery, about ten kilometers north of the Marne. The American flier was killed by two shots through the head. Papers in his pocket showed him to be Quentin Roosevelt, of the United States army. His effects are being taken care of in order to be sent to his relatives. He was buried by German aviators with military honors. The German pilot who shot down Quentin Roosevelt told me of counting twenty bullet holes in his machine when he landed after the fight. He survived the war but was killed in an accident while engaged in delivering German airplanes to the American Forces under the terms of the Armistice." Funeral services held by the Germans were witnessed on July fifteenth by Captain James E. Gee of the 110th Infantry, who had been captured and was being evacuated to the rear. Gee passed through Chamery, the little village near which the plane crashed to earth. He thus describes the scene: "n a hollow square about the open grave were assembled approximately one thousand German soldiers, standing stiffly in regular lines. They were dressed in field gray uniforms, wore steel helmets, and carried rifles. Near the grave was a smashed plane, and beside it was a small group of officers, one of whom was speaking to the men. I did not pass close enough to hear what he was saying; we were prisoners and did not have the privilege of lingering, even for such an occasion as this. At the time I did not know who was being buried, but the guards informed me later. The funeral certainly was elaborate. I was told afterward by Germans that they paid Lieut. Roosevelt such honor not only because he was a gallant aviator, who died fighting bravely against odds, but because he was the son of Colonel Roosevelt whom they esteemed as one of the greatest Americans." On July 18, in a great allied counter-attack, the village where Quentin fell was retaken from the Germans, and his grave was found by some American soldiers. At its head was a wooden cross, on which was printed: "Leutnant Q. Roosevelt | Honored and Buried by the Imperial German Army." Following the custom that sprang up in the chivalrous environment of the air services, the broken propeller blades and bent and scarred wheels of the plane were marking his resting-place. Nearby lay the shattered remains of the airplane, with the seventy-six "wound stripes" which Quentin had painted on it, still to be seen. The engineer regiment of the division that had retaken Chamery marked the spot where the airplane fell, and raised a cross at the grave with the inscription: "Here rests on the field of honor | Quentin Roosevelt | Air Service U.S.A. | Killed in action July 1918." The French placed an oaken enclosure with a head-born reading: "Lieutenant | Quentin Roosevelt | Squadron 95 | Fallen gloriously | In aerial combat | 14 July 1918 | For right | And liberty". After his grave came under Allied control, thousands of American soldiers visited it to pay their respects. Roosevelt's resting place became a shrine and an inspiration to his comrades in arms. His death was a great personal loss to his father, who understood quite well that he had encouraged his son's entry into the War. It is said that he never fully recovered from his son's death. Within six months, Theodore himself would be dead. In 1955, eleven years after the World War II, American Cemetery was established in France at Colleville-sur-Mer, Quentin's body was exhumed and moved there. Quentin's remains were moved in order to be buried next to his eldest brother Ted, who had died of a heart attack in France in 1944, shortly after leading his troops in landings on Utah Beach on D-Day as Assistant 4th Infantry Division Commander (an act which would earn him the Medal of Honor). Quentin's original gravestone was moved to Sagamore Hill to serve as a cenotaph for the former president's son. The German-made basswood cross (basswood is a tree native to Eastern North America, where The Roosevelts were from) that marked Quentin's original gravesite is on display at the National Museum of the United States Air Force, at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, in Dayton, Ohio. https://store.earthstation1.com/the-indomitable-teddy-roosevelt-george-c-scott-john-philip-sousa-dvd.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Smokey Robinson: The Quiet Legend DVD, MP4 Video Download, USB Drive
Today, November 19, 2025
November 19, 1938: #BOTD: #HBD! Pete Moore, African American singer-songwriter and record producer, best known as the bass singer for Motown group The Miracles from 1955 onwards, one of the group's original members and vocal arranger on all of the group's hits, BMI and ASCAP award-winning songwriter (d. November 19, 2017) is #born Warren Thomas Moore in Detroit, Michigan. A childhood friend of Miracles lead singer Smokey Robinson, the two met at a musical event given by the Detroit Public School system, where Moore spotted Robinson singing as part of the show. The two became friends and formed a singing group, which eventually became the Miracles. Moore co-wrote several of The Miracles' own hits. These included "Ooo Baby Baby" (1965), the million-selling Grammy Hall of Fame Inductee "The Tracks of My Tears" (also 1965), for which he won the ASCAP Award Of Merit, "My Girl Has Gone", another Top 20 hit from 1965, "Going to a Go-Go" (also 1965), (where he came up with the song's initial percussion sequence), and the multi-million selling #1 Pop smash, "Love Machine" (co-written with Miracles' member Billy Griffin) and the platinum album from which it came, City of Angels, among others. Moore as leader of the Miracles enjoyed other hits with Griffin i.e. Do it Baby which was the Miracles first major hit after Smokey left the group. Besides his work in the Miracles, Moore helped Robinson write several hit songs, including The Temptations' "It's Growing" and "Since I Lost My Baby", and two of Marvin Gaye's biggest hits, the Top 10 million sellers, "Ain't That Peculiar" and "I'll Be Doggone". Moore and the group signed a management agreement with Martin Pichinson who also managed Lou Rawls and Bill Withers. Pichinson was very instrumental in developing the new direction for the Miracles. https://store.earthstation1.com/smokey-robinson-the-quiet-legend-dvd-mp4-download-usb-driv4.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The Golden Age Of Rock 'N' Roll DVD, MP4 Video Download, Flash Drive
Today, November 19, 2025
November 19, 2017: #DOTD: #RIP: Pete Moore, African American singer-songwriter and record producer, best known as the bass singer for Motown group The Miracles from 1955 onwards, one of the group's original members and vocal arranger on all of the group's hits, BMI and ASCAP award-winning songwriter (b. November 19, 1938) #dies on his 79th birthday in Las Vegas, Nevada due to complications of diabetes. He is buried at Palm Memorial Park Northwest in Las Vegas, Nevada. In a tribute to Pete, Motown Records founder Berry Gordy stated: "I am deeply saddened to hear of the passing of Warren 'Pete' Moore, a fine human being and valued member of the Motown family," Gordy said. "Pete was an original member of my very first group, the Miracles. He was a quiet spirit with a wonderful Bass voice behind Smokey Robinson's soft, distinctive lead vocals and was co-writer on several of the Miracles hits." Original Miracles member Claudette Rogers-Robinson placed flowers on the Miracles' Hollywood Walk of Fame Star on November 21, 2017, in Hollywood, California in tribute to Moore. According to Tina, his wife of over 40 years, the cause of death was complications of diabetes. Besides his wife, Pete was survived by his sister, Winifred Moore, and adult twin daughters, Monette and Monique. The deaths of White, Tarplin, Rogers and Moore leave Smokey Robinson and Claudette Rogers-Robinson as the last surviving original members of The Miracles as of late 2020. https://store.earthstation1.com/the-golden-age-of-rock-39n39-roll-dvd-complete-tv-series-5-39395.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Frank Zappa Documentaries MP4 Video Download DVD
Today, November 19, 2025
November 19, 1936: #BOTD: #HBD! Ray Collins, American singer, guitarist and harmonica player, best known as a member of The Mothers Of Invention (d. December 24, 2012) is #born. Collins grew up in Pomona, California singing in his school choir, the son of a local police officer. He quit high school to get married. Collins started his musical career singing falsetto backup vocals for various doo-wop groups in the Los Angeles area in the late 1950s and early 1960s, including Little Julian Herrera and the Tigers. In 1964, Collins, drummer Jimmy Carl Black, bassist Roy Estrada, saxophonist Dave Coronado, and guitarist Ray Hunt formed The Soul Giants. Hunt was eventually replaced by Frank Zappa, and the group evolved into the Mothers of Invention. Ray was the lead vocalist on most songs for their early albums, including Freak Out!, Absolutely Free, Cruising with Ruben & the Jets and Uncle Meat. He additionally provided harmonica on Freak Out!. In 1968 Ray quit The Mothers of Invention and was replaced by Lowell George, but continued to contribute to other Zappa projects through the mid-1970s. Currently Ray Collins niece/protege Shay Collins has been leading her own mission to carry on the name and memory of Ray Collins, with an American rock duo Mother Legacy. Labeling herself as Ray's legacy, determined to carry on all of his teachings and steadfast beliefs and desires in music. Collins resided in Claremont, California in a back yard van until his death of a heart attack sustained days earlier at age 76. His remains were cremated; the final disposition of his cremains is unknown. https://store.earthstation1.com/frank-zappa-documentaries-mp4-video-download-dv4.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Complete TV Music & Dance MegaSet DVDs, Downloads, USB Flash Drives
Today, November 19, 2025
November 19, 2004: #DOTD: #RIP: Terry Melcher, American record producer, singer, and songwriter who was instrumental in shaping the mid-to-late 1960s California Sound and folk rock movements (b. February 8, 1942) #dies at his home in Beverly Hills, California after a long battle with melanoma, aged 62. His remains were cremated, and his remains were given to his mother, Doris Day. He was born Terrence Paul Jorden in New York City, the only child of actress and singer Doris Day; his father was Day's first husband, trombonist Al Jorden. Known as "Terry", the boy was named by his mother after the hero of her favorite childhood comic strip, Terry and the Pirates. He was adopted by her third husband, Martin Melcher. Terry Melcher's best-known contributions were producing the Byrds' first two albums Mr. Tambourine Man (1965) and Turn! Turn! Turn! (1965), as well as most of the hit recordings of Paul Revere & the Raiders and Gentle Soul. Most of his early recordings were with the vocal surf acts the Rip Chords and Bruce & Terry. In the 1960s, Melcher was acquainted with the Beach Boys and later produced several singles for the group in the 1980s and the 1990s, including "Kokomo" (1988), which topped U.S. record charts. He is also known for his collaborations with Bruce Johnston and for his association with the Manson Family. https://store.earthstation1.com/14-disc-classic-tv-music-amp-dance-shows-discount-dvd-megas14.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Charles Manson: A Documentary History DVD, MP4 Download, USB Drive
Today, November 19, 2025
November 19, 2017: #DOTD: Charles Manson, American convicted mass murderer and former cult leader who led what became known as the Manson Family, a quasi-commune that arose in California in the late 1960s (b. November 12, 1934) #dies at Mercy Hospital in downtown Bakersfield, California, aged 83. Manson's grandson Jason Freeman had Manson cremated on March 20, 2018 following a small, private Christian funeral in Porterville, California. His ashes were variously distributed; some were spread along a nearby creek bed in a forest in the Sierra Mountains during the funeral service, some were scattered in The Gulf Of Mexico in a spot between Bradenton and St. Petersburg, and some were given to Manson Family member Sandra Good. Charles Milles Manson was born Charles Milles Maddox to fifteen-year-old Kathleen Manson-Bower-Cavender, nee Maddox (1919-1973), in the University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center in Cincinnati, Ohio. Manson's biological father appears to have been Colonel Walker Henderson Scott Sr. (1910-1954) of Catlettsburg, Kentucky, against whom Kathleen Maddox filed a paternity suit that resulted in an agreed judgment in 1937. Scott worked intermittently in local mills, and had a local reputation as a con artist. He allowed Maddox to believe that he was an army colonel, although "Colonel" was merely his given name. When Maddox told Scott that she was pregnant, he told her he had been called away on army business; after several months she realized he had no intention of returning. Manson may never have known his biological father. He was named Charles Milles Maddox. Charles Manson's followers committed a series of nine murders at four locations in July and August 1969. In 1971 he was found guilty of first-degree murder and conspiracy to commit murder for the deaths of seven people: most notably of the actress Sharon Tate: all of which were carried out by members of the group at his instruction. Manson also received first-degree murder convictions for two other deaths. Manson was originally sentenced to death, but his sentence was commuted to life imprisonment when California invalidated the state's death penalty statute in 1972. He is currently serving multiple life sentences at California State Prison in Corcoran. Manson believed in what he called "Helter Skelter", a term he took from the Beatles' song of the same name. Manson believed Helter Skelter to be an impending apocalyptic race war, which he described in his own version of the lyrics to the Beatles' song. He believed the murders would help precipitate that war. From the beginning of his notoriety, a pop culture arose around him in which he ultimately became an emblem of insanity, violence and the macabre. At the time the Family began to form, Manson was an unemployed former convict, who had spent half of his life in correctional institutions for a variety of offenses. Before the murders, he was a singer-songwriter on the fringe of the Los Angeles music industry, chiefly through a chance association with Dennis Wilson, drummer and founding member of the Beach Boys. After Manson was charged with the crimes of which he was later convicted, recordings of songs written and performed by him were released commercially. Various musicians have covered some of his songs, including Guns N' Roses, Marilyn Manson, Crispin Glover and GG Allin. https://store.earthstation1.com/charles-manson-a-documentary-history-dvd-mp4-download-usb-driv4.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: America Held Hostage: As It Happened The Iran Hostage Crisis MP4 DVD
Today, November 19, 2025
November 19, 1979: The Aftermath Of World War II: The Cold War: The Cold War (1962-1979): The Iranian Revolution: The Cold War (1979-1985): Aftermath Of The Iranian Revolution: The Iran Hostage Crisis: -- Iranian leader Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini orders the release of 13 female and black American hostages being held at the US Embassy in Tehran. The Iran Hostage Crisis began on November 4, 1979, when 52 United States diplomats and citizens were taken hostage after a group of militarized Iranian college students belonging to the Muslim Student Followers of the Imam's Line, who supported the Iranian Revolution, took over the U.S. Embassy in Tehran. A diplomatic standoff ensued. The hostages were held for 444 days, being released on January 20, 1981. Western media described the crisis as an "entanglement" of "vengeance and mutual incomprehension". U.S. President Jimmy Carter called the hostage-taking an act of "blackmail" and the hostages "victims of terrorism and anarchy". In Iran, it was widely seen as an act against the U.S. and its influence in Iran, including its perceived attempts to undermine the Iranian Revolution and its longstanding support of the shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, who was overthrown in 1979. After Shah Pahlavi was overthrown, he was admitted to the U.S. for cancer treatment. Iran demanded his return in order to stand trial for crimes that he was accused of committing during his reign. Specifically, he was accused of committing crimes against Iranian citizens with the help of his secret police. Iran's demands were rejected by the United States, and Iran saw the decision to grant him asylum as American complicity in those atrocities. The Americans saw the hostage-taking as an egregious violation of the principles of international law, such as the Vienna Convention, which granted diplomats immunity from arrest and made diplomatic compounds inviolable. The Shah left the United States in December 1979 and was ultimately granted asylum in Egypt, where he died from complications of cancer at age 60 on July 27, 1980. Six American diplomats who had evaded capture were rescued by a joint CIA-Canadian effort on January 27, 1980. The crisis reached a climax in early 1980 after diplomatic negotiations failed to win the release of the hostages. Carter ordered the U.S. military to attempt a rescue mission - Operation Eagle Claw - using warships that included USS Nimitz and USS Coral Sea, which were patrolling the waters near Iran. The failed attempt on April 24, 1980, resulted in the death of one Iranian civilian and the accidental deaths of eight American servicemen after one of the helicopters crashed into a transport aircraft. U.S. Secretary Of State Cyrus Vance resigned his position following the failure. In September 1980, Iraq invaded Iran, beginning the Iran-Iraq War. These events led the Iranian government to enter negotiations with the U.S., with Algeria acting as a mediator. The crisis is considered a pivotal episode in the history of Iran-United States relations. Political analysts cited the standoff as a major factor in the continuing downfall of Carter's presidency and his landslide loss in the 1980 presidential election; the hostages were formally released into United States custody the day after the signing of the Algiers Accords, just minutes after American President Ronald Reagan was sworn into office. In Iran, the crisis strengthened the prestige of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini and the political power of theocrats who opposed any normalization of relations with the West. The crisis also led to American economic sanctions against Iran, which further weakened ties between the two countries. https://store.earthstation1.com/america-held-hostage-as-it-happened-the-iran-hostage-crisis-mp4-dv4.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The Weapons Of Desert Shield + Bonus Persian Gulf War DVD MP4 Download
Today, November 19, 2025
November 19, 1990: The Aftermath Of World War II: The Cold War: The Cold War (1985-1991) (The End Of The Cold War): The Gulf War (The Persian Gulf War, Gulf War I): The Invasion Of Kuwait: Operation Desert Shield: -- In response to the heavy military buildup of coalition military forces on the Saudi-Kuwaiti border, Saddam Hussein sends 200,000 more Iraqi troops to Kuwait. Operation Desert Shield began on August 7, 1990 when US troops were sent to Saudi Arabia due also to the request of its monarch, King Fahd, who had earlier called for US military assistance. This "wholly defensive" doctrine was quickly abandoned when, on August 8, Iraq declared Kuwait to be Iraq's 19th province and Saddam named his cousin, Ali Hassan Al-Majid, as its military-governor. The US Navy dispatched two naval battle groups built around the aircraft carriers USS Dwight D. Eisenhower and USS Independence to the Persian Gulf, where they were ready by August 8. The US also sent the battleships USS Missouri and USS Wisconsin to the region. A total of 48 US Air Force F-15s from the 1st Fighter Wing at Langley Air Force Base, Virginia, landed in Saudi Arabia, and immediately commenced round the clock air patrols of the Saudi-Kuwait-Iraq border to discourage further Iraqi military advances. They were joined by 36 F-15 A-Ds from the 36th Tactical Fighter Wing at Bitburg, Germany. The Bitburg contingent was based at Al Kharj Air Base, approximately an hour south east of Riyadh. The 36th TFW would be responsible for 11 confirmed Iraqi Air Force aircraft shot down during the war. There were also two Air National Guard units stationed at Al Kharj Air Base, the South Carolina Air National Guard's 169th Fighter Wing flew bombing missions with 24 F-16s flying 2,000 combat missions and dropping 4 million pounds of munitions, and the New York Air National Guard's 174th Fighter Wing from Syracuse flew 24 F-16s on bombing missions. Military buildup continued from there, eventually reaching 543,000 troops, twice the number used in the 2003 invasion of Iraq. Much of the material was airlifted or carried to the staging areas via fast sealift ships, allowing a quick buildup. https://store.earthstation1.com/the-weapons-of-desert-shield-persian-gulf-war-i-dvd-mp4-download-us4.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: TV Commercials: The Cable Age Classics I DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today, November 19, 2025
November 19, 1955: Conservatism In The United States: First Publications: -- The National Review publishes its first issue, an American conservative-right-libertarian editorial magazine, focusing on news and commentary pieces on political, social, and cultural affairs founded by author William F. Buckley Jr.. Buckley assembled an eclectic group of writers: traditionalists, Catholic intellectuals, libertarians and ex-Communists. The group included: Revilo P. Oliver, Russell Kirk, James Burnham, Frank Meyer, and Willmoore Kendall, Catholics L. Brent Bozell and Garry Wills. The former Time editor Whittaker Chambers, who had been a Communist spy in the 1930s, then turned intensely anti-Communist, became a senior editor. In the magazine's founding statement Buckley wrote: "The launching of a conservative weekly journal of opinion in a country widely assumed to be a bastion of conservatism at first glance looks like a work of supererogation, rather like publishing a royalist weekly within the walls of Buckingham Palace. It is not that of course; if National Review is superfluous, it is so for very different reasons: It stands athwart history, yelling Stop, at a time when no other is inclined to do so, or to have much patience with those who so urge it." As editors and contributors, Buckley sought out intellectuals who were ex-Communists or had once worked on the far left, including Whittaker Chambers, William Schlamm, John Dos Passos, Frank Meyer and James Burnham. When James Burnham became one of the original senior editors, he urged the adoption of a more pragmatic editorial position that would extend the influence of the magazine toward the political center. Smant (1991) finds that Burnham overcame sometimes heated opposition from other members of the editorial board (including Meyer, Schlamm, William Rickenbacker, and the magazine's publisher William A. Rusher), and had a significant effect on both the editorial policy of the magazine and on the thinking of Buckley himself. National Review aimed to make conservative ideas respectable, in an age when the dominant view of conservative thought was, as expressed by Columbia professor Lionel Trilling: "[L]iberalism is not only the dominant but even the sole intellectual tradition. For it is the plain fact that nowadays there are no conservative or reactionary ideas in general circulation... the conservative impulse and the reactionary impulse do not... express themselves in ideas but only... in irritable mental gestures which seek to resemble ideas." Since its founding, the magazine has played a significant role in the development of conservatism in the United States, helping to define its boundaries and promoting fusionism while establishing itself as a leading voice on the American right. In 1953, moderate Republican Dwight D. Eisenhower was president, and many major magazines such as the Saturday Evening Post, Time, and Reader's Digest were strongly conservative and anticommunist, as were many newspapers including the Chicago Tribune and St. Louis Globe-Democrat. A few small-circulation conservative magazines, such as Human Events and The Freeman, preceded National Review in developing Cold War Conservatism in the 1950s. In 1953, Russell Kirk published The Conservative Mind, which traced an intellectual bloodline from Edmund Burke to the Old Right in the early 1950s. This challenged the notion among intellectuals that no coherent conservative tradition existed in the United States. A young William F. Buckley Jr. was greatly influenced by Kirk's concepts. Buckley had money; his father grew rich from oil fields in Mexico. He first tried to purchase Human Events, but was turned down. He then met Willi Schlamm, the experienced editor of The Freeman; they would spend the next two years raising the 300K USD necessary to start their own weekly magazine, originally to be called National Weekly, which was changed to National Review when they discovered that there was already a magazine by that name. The statement of intentions read "Middle-of-the-Road, qua Middle of the Road, is politically, intellectually, and morally repugnant. We shall recommend policies for the simple reason that we consider them right (rather than "non-controversial"); and we consider them right because they are based on principles we deem right (rather than on popularity polls)... The New Deal revolution, for instance, could hardly have happened save for the cumulative impact of The Nation and The New Republic, and a few other publications, on several American college generations during the twenties and thirties." William Buckley Jr. said that National Review "is out of place because, in its maturity, literate America rejected conservatism in favor of radical social experimentation... since ideas rule the world, the ideologues, having won over the intellectual class, simply walked in and started to... run just about everything. There never was an age of conformity quite like this one, or a camaraderie quite like the Liberals'. https://store.earthstation1.com/tv-commercials-the-cable-age-classics-i-dvd.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Information Please Radio Quiz Show MP3 DVD, Audio Download, USB Drive
Today, November 19, 2025
November 19, 1883: #BOTD: #HBD! Ned Sparks, Canadian-American character actor of the American stage and screen (d. April 3, 1957) is #born Edward Arthur Sparkman in Guelph, Ontario, Canada. He was known for his deadpan expression and comically nasal, monotone delivery. Ned Sparks died in Victorville, California, on April 3, 1957, from the effects of an intestinal blockage, aged 73. He is buried at Victor Valley Memorial Park cemetery in Victorville, San Bernardino County, California. https://store.earthstation1.com/complete-information-please-quiz-show-old-time-radio-mp3-dv3.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Pimpernel Smith (1941) Leslie Howard DVD, MP4 Download, USB Drive
Today, November 19, 2025
November 19, 1956: #DOTD: #RIP: Francis L. Sullivan, English film and stage actor (b. January 6, 1903) #dies of a heart attack in New York City, aged 53 (some sources claim he died from an unspecified "lung ailment"). He is buried at Calvary Cemetery in Woodside, Queens County, New York City. Francis L. Sullivan was born Francis Loftus Sullivan in Wandsworth, London, England. He attended Stonyhurst, the Jesuit public school in Lancashire, England, whose alumni include Charles Laughton and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. A heavily built man with a striking double-chin and a deep voice, Sullivan made his acting debut at the Old Vic at age 18 in Shakespeare's Richard III. He had considerable theatrical experience before he appeared in his first film in 1932, The Missing Rembrandt, as a German villain opposite Arthur Wontner as Sherlock Holmes. Among his film roles are General Von Graum in Pimpernel Smith (1941), Mr Bumble in Oliver Twist (1948) and Phil Nosseross in the film noir Night and the City (1950). Sullivan also played the part of the lawyer Jaggers in two versions of Charles Dickens's Great Expectations - in 1934 and 1946. He appeared in a fourth Dickens film, the 1935 Universal Pictures version of The Mystery of Edwin Drood, in which he played Crisparkle. He was featured in The Citadel (1938), starring Robert Donat, and a decade later he played the role of Pierre Cauchon in the technicolor version of Joan of Arc (1948), starring Ingrid Bergman. In 1938 he starred in a revival of the Stokes brothers' play Oscar Wilde at London's Arts Theatre. He played the Attorney-General prosecuting the case defended by Robert Donat as barrister Sir Robert Morton, in the first film version of The Winslow Boy (1948). Sullivan also acted in light comedies, including My Favorite Spy (1951), starring Bob Hope and Hedy Lamarr, in which he played an enemy agent, and the comedy Fiddlers Three (1944), portraying Nero. He also played the role of Pothinus in the film version of George Bernard Shaw's Caesar and Cleopatra (1945). The film was directed by Gabriel Pascal, and was the last film personally supervised by Shaw himself. Sullivan reprised the role in a stage revival of the play. On television, Sullivan starred in "The Man Who Would Be King", the 17 October 1950, episode of Suspense. Sullivan, who eventually became a naturalised US citizen, won a Tony Award in 1955 for the Agatha Christie play Witness for the Prosecution. Earlier, he had played Hercule Poirot at London's Embassy Theatre in the Christie play Black Coffee (1930). In 1935, Sullivan married stage designer Frances Joan Perkins in Westminster in London. In 1939 they were living at 'Hatch Hill' on Kingsley Green at Fernhurst in West Sussex. They remained married until his death. https://store.earthstation1.com/pimpernel-smith-dvd-leslie-howard-world-war-ii.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The Romantic Spirit TV Series DVD, Video Download, USB Flash Drive
Today, November 19, 2025
November 19, 1828: #DOTD: #RIP: Franz Schubert, Austrian pianist and composer (b. January 31, 1797) #dies of typhoid fever in Vienna, Austria, aged 31, at the apartment of his brother Ferdinand. He was buried at his own request near the grave of Beethoven, whom he had admired all his life, in the village cemetery of Wahring on the edge of the Vienna Woods. A year earlier he had served as a torchbearer at Beethoven's funeral. In 1872, a memorial to Franz Schubert was erected in Vienna's Stadtpark. In 1888, both Schubert's and Beethoven's graves were moved to the Zentralfriedhof where they can now be found next to those of Johann Strauss II and Johannes Brahms. The cemetery in Wahring was converted into a park in 1925, called the Schubert Park, and his former grave site was marked by a bust. His epitaph, written by his friend, the poet Franz Grillparzer, reads: Die Tonkunst begrub hier einen reichen Besitz, aber noch viel schonere Hoffnungen ("The art of music has here interred a precious treasure, but yet far fairer hopes"). Born Franz Peter Schubert in Himmelpfortgrund (German: "Sky Gate", now a part of Alsergrund), Vienna, Archduchy of Austria, he was extremely prolific during his brief lifetime. His output consists of over 600 secular vocal works (mainly Lieder), seven complete symphonies, sacred music, operas, incidental music and a large body of chamber and piano music. Appreciation of Schubert's music while he was alive was limited to a relatively small circle of admirers in Vienna, but interest in his work increased significantly in the decades following his death. Felix Mendelssohn, Robert Schumann, Franz Liszt, Johannes Brahms and other 19th-century composers discovered and championed his works. Today, Schubert is ranked among the greatest composers of the late Classical and early Romantic eras and is one of the most frequently performed composers of the early 19th century. https://store.earthstation1.com/the-romantic-spirit-tv-series-all-14-episodes-5-dual-layer-d145.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Ethnic Notions + The Mammy Legend: Black Stereotypes DVD MP3 USB Drive
Today, November 19, 2025
November 19, 1985: #DOTD: #RIP: Stepin Fetchit, African American vaudevillian, comedian, singer, dancer and film actor (b. May 30, 1907) #dies of pneumonia and heart failure at the age of 83 at the Motion Picture & Television Country House and Hospital, where he moved after suffering a stroke in 1976 which ended his acting career. He is buried at Calvary Cemetery in East Los Angeles, California with a Catholic funeral Mass. Born Lincoln Theodore Monroe Andrew Perry in Key West, Florida to West Indian immigrants of Jamaican and Bahamian descent, Stepin Fetchit is considered to be the first Black actor to have a successful film career. His highest profile was during the 1930s in films and on stage, when his persona of Stepin Fetchit was billed as the "Laziest Man in the World". Perry parlayed the Fetchit persona into a successful film career, becoming the first Black actor to earn 1M USD. He was also the first Black actor to receive featured screen credit in a film. Perry's film career slowed after 1939 and nearly stopped altogether after 1953. Around that time, Black Americans began to see his Stepin Fetchit persona as an embarrassing and harmful anachronism, echoing negative stereotypes. However, the Stepin Fetchit character has undergone a re-evaluation by some scholars in recent times, who view him as an embodiment of the trickster archetype. https://store.earthstation1.com/ethnic-notions-africanamerican-stereotypes-dvd.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Darrow (1991) Kevin Spacey TV Docudrama DVD, Video Download, USB Drive
Today, November 19, 2025
November 19, 1904: #BOTD: Nathan Leopold, American murderer (d. August 29, 1971) is #born Nathan Freudenthal Leopold Jr. in Chicago, the son of Florence (Foreman) and Nathan Leopold, a wealthy German Jewish immigrant family. A child prodigy, he claimed to have spoken his first words at the age of four months. On May 21, 1924, University of Chicago students Richard Loeb and Nathan Leopold, Jr. murdered 14-year-old Bobby Franks in a "thrill killing". After the two men were arrested, Loeb's family retained Clarence Darrow as counsel for their defense. Nathan Freudenthal Leopold Jr. (November 19, 1904 - August 29, 1971) and Richard Albert Loeb (June 11, 1905 - January 28, 1936), usually referred to collectively as Leopold and Loeb, were two wealthy students at the University of Chicago who in May 1924 kidnapped and murdered 14-year-old Bobby Franks in Chicago, Illinois, United States. They committed the murder - characterized at the time as "the crime of the century" - as a demonstration of their ostensible intellectual superiority, which, they thought, enabled them to carry out a "perfect crime" and absolve them of responsibility for their actions. After the two men were arrested, Loeb's family retained Clarence Darrow as lead counsel for their defense. Darrow's 12-hour summation at their sentencing hearing is noted for its influential criticism of capital punishment as retributive rather than transformative justice. Both young men were sentenced to life imprisonment plus 99 years. Loeb was murdered by a fellow prisoner in 1936; Leopold was released on parole in 1958. The Franks murder has been the inspiration for several dramatic works, including Patrick Hamilton's 1929 play Rope and Alfred Hitchcock's 1948 film of the same name. Later works, such as Compulsion (1959), adapted from Meyer Levin's 1957 novel; Swoon (1992); and Murder by Numbers (2002) were also based on the crime. Nathan Leopold died in Puerto Rico of a diabetes-related heart attack at the age of 66. He is buried at the University Of Puerto Rico. https://store.earthstation1.com/darrow-1991-dvd-kevin-spacey-tv-m1991.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Outer Space Mission MP3 MegaSet DVD, Audio Download, USB Flash Drive
Today, November 19, 2025
November 19, 1969: Lunar Landings: The History Of Rocketry: The History Of Spaceflight: The Aftermath Of World War II: The Cold War: The Space Age: The Space Race: Space Programs Of The United States: Human Spaceflight Programs: The Discovery And Exploration Of The Solar System: Missions To The Moon: Project Apollo: Apollo 12: -- Apollo 12 astronauts Pete Conrad and Alan Bean land their Lunar Excursion Module (LEM, LM) "Intrepid" at Oceanus Procellarum (the "Ocean of Storms") as their Command Service Module (CSM) "Yankee Clipper" piloted by Richard F. Gordon Jr. orbited overhead, becoming the third and fourth humans to walk on the Moon. Apollo 12 was the sixth crewed flight in the United States Apollo program and the second to land on the Moon. It was launched on November 14, 1969, from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, four months after Apollo 11. Commander Charles "Pete" Conrad and Apollo Lunar Module Pilot Alan L. Bean performed just over one day and seven hours of lunar surface activity while Command Module Pilot Richard F. Gordon remained in lunar orbit. The landing site for the mission was located in the southeastern portion of the Ocean of Storms. On November 19 Conrad and Bean achieved a precise landing at their expected location within walking distance of the site of the Surveyor 3 robotic probe, which had landed on April 20, 1967. They carried the first color television camera to the lunar surface on an Apollo flight, but transmission was lost after Bean accidentally pointed the camera at the Sun and the camera's sensor was destroyed. On one of two moonwalks they visited Surveyor 3 and removed some parts for return to Earth. Lunar Module Intrepid lifted off from the Moon on November 20 and docked with the command module, which then, after completing its 45th lunar orbit, traveled back to Earth. The Apollo 12 mission ended on November 24 with a successful splashdown. https://store.earthstation1.com/outer-space-mission-mp3-dvd-megaset-4-dis34.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Machu Picchu's Rediscovery By Hiram Bingham III MP4 Video Download DVD
Today, November 19, 2025
November 19, 1875: #BOTD: #HBD! Hiram Bingham III, American academic, explorer and politician (d. June 6, 1956) is #born in Honolulu, Hawaii, the son of Clara Brewster and Hiram Bingham II (1831-1908), an early Protestant missionary to the Kingdom of Hawai'i, the grandson of Hiram Bingham I (1789-1869) and Sybil Moseley Bingham (1792-1848), earlier missionaries. He made public the existence of the Inca citadel of Machu Picchu in 1911 with the guidance of local indigenous farmers. Later, Bingham served as Governor of Connecticut for a single day, and then as a member of the United States Senate. On July 24, 1911, Hiram Bingham III re-discovered Machu Picchu, "the Lost City of the Incas". Machu Picchu is a 15th-century Inca citadel situated on a mountain ridge 2,430 metres (7,970 ft) above sea level. It is located in the Cusco Region, Urubamba Province, Machupicchu District in Peru, above the Sacred Valley, which is 80 kilometres (50 mi) northwest of Cuzco and through which the Urubamba River flows. Most archaeologists believe that Machu Picchu was constructed as an estate for the Inca emperor Pachacuti (1438-1472). Often mistakenly referred to as the "Lost City of the Incas" (a title more accurately applied to Vilcabamba), it is the most familiar icon of Inca civilization. The Incas built the estate around 1450 but abandoned it a century later at the time of the Spanish Conquest. Although known locally, it was not known to the Spanish during the colonial period and remained unknown to the outside world until the American historian explorer Hiram Bingham rediscovered it and brought it to international attention after his successful expedition Yale Peruvian Expedition of 1911. Machu Picchu was built in the classical Inca style, with polished dry-stone walls. Its three primary structures are the Intihuatana, the Temple of the Sun, and the Room of the Three Windows. Most of the outlying buildings have been reconstructed in order to give tourists a better idea of how they originally appeared. By 1976, thirty percent of Machu Picchu had been restored and restoration continues. Machu Picchu was declared a Peruvian Historic Sanctuary in 1981 and a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983. In 2007, Machu Picchu was voted one of the New Seven Wonders of the World in a worldwide Internet poll. Hiram Bingham died at his Washington, D.C. home at the age of 80. He is interred at Arlington National Cemetery in Virginia. https://store.earthstation1.com/footsteps-machu-picchu-and-hiram-bingham-iii-dvd.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Natural Disasters Earthquakes Floods Tornados Hurricanes DVD, MP4, USB
Today, November 19, 2025
November 19, 1998: #DOTD: #RIP: Ted Fujita, Japanese-American meteorologist and academic whose research primarily focused on severe weather (b. October 23, 1920) #dies in Chicago, Illinois of a brain tumor at the age of 78. His remains were cremated, and his ashes were scattered by his widow Sumiko in an undisclosed location. Born Tetsuya Theodore Fujita in the village of Sone, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan, an area that is now part of the city of Kitakyushu, he studied and taught at Kyushu Institute of Technology. In 1953 he was invited to the University of Chicago by Horace R. Byers, who had become interested in Fujita's research, particularly his independent discovery of the cold-air downdraft. Fujita remained at the University of Chicago until his retirement in 1990, where his research at the University of Chicago on severe thunderstorms, tornadoes, hurricanes, and typhoons revolutionized the knowledge of each. Although he is best known for creating the Fujita scale of tornado intensity and damage, he also discovered downbursts and microbursts, and was an instrumental figure in advancing modern understanding of many severe weather phenomena and how they affect people and communities, especially through his work exploring the relationship between wind speed and damage. https://store.earthstation1.com/natural-disasters-dvd-earthquakes-floods-tornados-hurricanes.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Mr. President US Presidential History Radio w/Edward Arnold CD MP3 USB
Today, November 19, 2025
November 19, 1831: #BOTD: #HBD! James A. Garfield, American soldier, lawyer, United States Senator from Ohio and 20th President of the United States (d. September 19, 1881) is #born James Abram Garfield in a log cabin and poverty in Orange, Ohio. He served from March 4 to September 19, 1881. He was shot by disgruntled office seeker Charles J. Guiteau while walking into the railway station in Washington, DC, on the morning of July 2, 1881. Garfield survived until September 19, 1881, when he succumbed to blood poisoning unintentionally caused by his treatment; by modern medical standards, the wound would have been relatively easy to treat and recover from. After graduating from Williams College, Garfield studied law and became an attorney before entering politics as a Republican in 1857. He served as a member of the Ohio State Senate from 1859 to 1861. Garfield opposed Confederate secession, served as a major general in the Union Army during the American Civil War, and fought in the battles of Middle Creek, Shiloh, and Chickamauga. He was first elected to Congress in 1862 to represent Ohio's 19th district. Throughout Garfield's congressional service after the war, he firmly supported the gold standard and gained a reputation as a skilled orator. He initially agreed with Radical Republican views on Reconstruction, but later favored a moderate approach to civil rights enforcement for freedmen. At the 1880 Republican National Convention, delegates chose Garfield, who had not sought the White House, as a compromise presidential nominee on the 36th ballot. In the 1880 presidential election, he conducted a low-key front porch campaign and narrowly defeated Democrat Winfield Scott Hancock. Garfield's accomplishments as president included a resurgence of presidential authority against senatorial courtesy in executive appointments, purging corruption in the Post Office, and appointing a U.S. Supreme Court justice. He enhanced the powers of the presidency when he defied the powerful New York senator Roscoe Conkling by appointing William H. Robertson to the lucrative post of Collector of the Port of New York, starting a fracas that ended with Robertson's confirmation and Conkling's resignation from the Senate. Garfield advocated agricultural technology, an educated electorate, and civil rights for African Americans. He also proposed substantial civil service reforms, which were passed by Congress in 1883 and signed into law by his successor, Chester A. Arthur, as the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act. James A. Garfield died aged 49 in Elberon, New Jersey from an assassin's bullet, shot by disgruntled office seeker Charles J. Guiteau while walking into the railway station in Washington, DC, on the morning of July 2, 1881. Garfield survived until September 19, 1881, when he succumbed to blood poisoning unintentionally caused by his treatment; by modern medical standards, the wound would have been relatively easy to treat and recover from. He is buried at The James A. Garfield Memorial in Lake View Cemetery, Cleveland, Ohio. https://store.earthstation1.com/mister-president-historical-old-time-radio-mp3-c3.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: TV Commercials: The Classics Vol. 9 DVD, MP4 Download, USB Flash Drive
Today, November 19, 2025
November 19, 1942: #BOTD: #HBD! Calvin Klein, American fashion designer who founded the company that later became Calvin Klein Inc. in 1968, who in addition to clothing also has gave his name to a range of perfumes, watches, and jewellery, best known for his tight-fitting signature jeans, is #born Calvin Richard Klein into a Jewish family in the Bronx, New York City, the son of Flore (nee Stern; 1909-2006) and Leo Klein; Leo had immigrated to New York from Hungary, while Flore was born in the United States to immigrants from Galicia and Bukovina, Austria-Hungary (modern day-Ukraine). Klein went to Isobel Rooney Middle School 80 (M.S.80) as a child. He attended the High School of Art and Design in Manhattan and was enrolled at, but never graduated from, New York's Fashion Institute of Technology, instead receiving an honorary doctorate in 2003. He did his apprenticeship in 1962 at an old line cloak-and-suit manufacturer, Dan Millstein, and spent five years designing at other New York City shops. In 1968, he launched his first company with his childhood best friend, Barry K. Schwartz. He became a protege of Baron de Gunzburg, through whose introductions he became the toast of the New York elite fashion scene even before he had his first mainstream success with the launch of his first jeans line. He was immediately recognized for his talent after his first major showing at New York Fashion Week. He was hailed as the new Yves Saint Laurent, and was noted for his clean lines. In 1974, Klein designed his signature jeans that went on to gross 200K USD in their first week of sales. In that same year he also became the first designer to receive outstanding design in men's and women's wear from the Council of Fashion Designers of America (CFDA) award show. In 1983, he was placed on the International Best Dressed List. Also in 1981, 1983, and 1993, he received an award from the CFDA. In 1991, he received the American Academy of Achievement's Golden Plate Award. Klein married Jayne Centre, a textile designer, in 1964. They have a daughter, television producer Marci Klein, who is best known for her work on NBC's Saturday Night Live and 30 Rock. The couple divorced in 1974. In September 1986, Klein married his assistant Kelly Rector in Rome while they were on a buying trip in Italy. She later became a well-known socialite photographer. After separating in 1996, they divorced in April 2006 after 20 years of marriage. In 2003, Klein bought an ocean-front estate in Southampton, New York, on Long Island and demolished it to build a 75M USD glass-and-concrete mansion. In 2015, he put his Miami Beach, Florida mansion on the market for 16 M USD. The Florida home sold in February 2017 for 12.85M USD. In June 2015, Klein bought a mansion in Los Angeles, California, for 25M USD. Calvin Klein dated gay ex-porn star Nicholas Gruber. Klein is a supporter of the U.S. Democratic Party, having given over 250K USD to candidates and PACs since 1980. Klein made a cameo appearance in season 3, episode 15 ("The Bubble") of the television series 30 Rock. A fictionalized version of him also appears in season 4, episode 13 ("The Pick") of the television series Seinfeld. https://store.earthstation1.com/tv-commercials-the-classics-vol-9-dv9.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Women's Rights Women's Suffrage The Women's Movement MP4 Download DVD
Today, November 19, 2025
November 19, 1868: Feminism: Women's Suffrage: Women's Suffrage In The United States: -- Women's suffragists in Vineland, New Jersey attempted to vote in the presidential election to test the 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution which states, "no State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States." 172 suffragists, including four African American women, were turned away. Instead they cast their votes in a women's ballot box overseen by 84-year-old Quaker Margaret Pryer. https://store.earthstation1.com/women39s-suffrage-amp-the-women39s-movement-dvd-mp4-usb-39394.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Mo' Funny: Black Comedy In America DVD Video Download
Today, November 19, 2025
November 19, 2017: #DOTD: #RIP: Della Reese, African American jazz and gospel singer, actress, and ordained minister whose career spanned seven decades (b. July 6, 1931) #dies at her home in the Encino neighborhood of Los Angeles at the age of 86 of undisclosed causes after a long series of health issues including type 2 diabetes. Her remains were cremated, and the ashes given to her widower Franklin Lett Jr.. Della Reese was born Delloreese Patricia Early in the historic black neighborhood of Black Bottom neighborhood of Detroit, Michigan, to Richard Thaddeus Early, an African American steelworker, and Nellie (Mitchelle), a Native American cook of the Cherokee tribe. Della Reese began her long career as a singer, scoring a hit with her 1959 single "Don't You Know?". In the late 1960s she hosted her own talk show, Della, which ran for 197 episodes. From 1975 she also starred in films, playing opposite Redd Foxx in Harlem Nights (1989), Martin Lawrence in A Thin Line Between Love and Hate (1996) and Elliott Gould in Expecting Mary (2010). Reese achieved continued success in the religious television drama Touched by an Angel (1994-2003), in which she played the leading role of Tess. She costarred with Redd Foxx in the 1991-1992 TV sitcom The Royal Family, and was with Foxx when he had his fatal heart attack during rehearsals of the show. https://store.earthstation1.com/mo39-funny-black-comedy-in-america-dvd-video-downlo39.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Command Performance WWII Old Time Radio Series MP3 DVD, Download, USB
Today, November 19, 2025
November 19, 1920: #BOTD: #HBD! Gene Tierney, American actress of stage and screen, singer and beauty, whom 20th Century Fox co-founder Darryl F. Zanuck said was "unquestionably, the most beautiful woman in movie history" (d. November 6, 1991) is #born Gene Eliza Tierney in Brooklyn, New York. Acclaimed for her great beauty, she became established as a leading lady. Tierney was best known for her portrayal of the title character in the film Laura (1944), and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance as Ellen Berent Harland in Leave Her to Heaven (1945). Tierney's other roles include Martha Strable Van Cleve in Heaven Can Wait (1943), Isabel Bradley Maturin in The Razor's Edge (1946), Lucy Muir in The Ghost and Mrs. Muir (1947), Ann Sutton in Whirlpool (1949), Mary Bristol in Night and the City (1950), Maggie Carleton McNulty in The Mating Season (1950), and Anne Scott in The Left Hand of God (1955). Gene Tierney died of emphysema in Houston, Texas 13 days before what would have been her 71st birthday. She is interred in Glenwood Cemetery in Houston. Certain documents of Tierney's film-related material, personal papers, letters, etc., are held in the Wesleyan University Cinema Archives, though her papers are closed to the public. https://store.earthstation1.com/command-performance-in-world-war-ii-radio-broadcasts-mp3-c3.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The Life And Times Of Lord Mountbatten TV Series DVD, Download, USB
Today, November 19, 2025
November 19: National Integration Day (Quami Ekta Divas) (India): -- An Indian celebration that commemorates the birthday of the country's first-ever female Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi. Schools, colleges, and universities across India remember her leadership and the ways in which she changed the country. The day's underlying message is one of unity and the importance of integration, regardless of race or religion. National Integration Day is a day for promoting peace, unity, and integration between all of the different segments of society living in India. Indira Gandhi's birthday was chosen as a day to celebrate as she is seen as somebody who embodies the good intentions of the holiday. Gandhi became India's first female Prime Minister in 1966 and stayed in the role for 11 years. She played a major role in strengthening democratic structure and tradition in the country. She won the war with Pakistan in 1971 and signed a subsequent peace treaty. After losing her battle for reelection in 1977 she was ousted from her role as Prime Minister, only to be voted back in again in 1980. Gandhi was assassinated in 1984 by two of her own bodyguards at her home in New Delhi. National Integration Day was created in her honor as a way to encourage all Indians to integrate, regardless of race or religion. https://store.earthstation1.com/life-and-times-of-lord-mountbatten-3-dvds-tv-series-all-12-pa312.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Legacy With Michael Wood World History TV Series DVD, MP4, USB Stick
Today, November 19, 2025
November 19, 1917: #BOTD: #HBD! Indira Gandhi, Indian Prime Minister and central figure of the Indian National Congress (d. October 31, 1984) is #born Indira Priyadarshini Nehru into a Kashmiri Pandit family on in Allahabad in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi's father was Jawaharlal Nehru, who was himself also Prime Minister of the Dominion (and later Republic) of India, being India's first Prime Minister, a leading figure in the movement for independence from British rule and close friend and political ally of Mahatma Gandhi. Indira was beloved and close to Mahatma Gandhi, and she later married Feroze Gandhi, but these two Gandhi males are not related to each other. Indira Gandhi was an Indian politician and a central figure of the Indian National Congress. She was elected as third prime minister of India in 1966 and was also the first and, to date, only female prime minister of India. Gandhi was the daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru, the first prime minister of India. She served as prime minister from January 1966 to March 1977 and again from January 1980 until her assassination in October 1984, making her the second longest-serving Indian prime minister after her father. During Nehru's premiership from 1947 to 1964, Gandhi was considered a key assistant and accompanied him on his numerous foreign trips. She was elected president of the Indian National Congress in 1959. Upon her father's death in 1964, she was appointed as a member of the Rajya Sabha (upper house) and became a member of Lal Bahadur Shastri's cabinet as Minister of Information and Broadcasting. In the Congress Party's parliamentary leadership election held in early 1966 (upon the death of Shastri), she defeated her rival Morarji Desai to become leader, and thus succeeded Shastri, after his death, as Prime Minister of India. As prime minister, Gandhi was known for her political intransigency and unprecedented centralisation of power. She went to war with Pakistan in support of the independence movement and war of independence in East Pakistan, which resulted in an Indian victory and the creation of Bangladesh, as well as increasing India's influence to the point where it became the sole regional power of South Asia. Citing separatist tendencies, and in response to a call for revolution, Gandhi instituted a state of emergency from 1975 to 1977 where basic civil liberties were suspended and the press was censored. Widespread atrocities were carried out during the emergency. In 1980, she returned to power after free and fair elections. After Gandhi ordered military action in the Golden Temple in Operation Blue Star, her own bodyguards and Sikh nationalists assassinated her on 31 October 1984. In 1999, Indira Gandhi was named "Woman of the Millennium" in an online poll organised by the BBC. In 2020, Gandhi was named by Time magazine among the world's 100 powerful women who defined the last century. Indira Gandhi died at age 66 when she was assassinated in New Delhi, India by two Sikh security guards. Riots broke out in New Delhi and other cities, and around 3,000 Sikhs were killed. Her remains were cremated at Shakti Sthal, now a memorial, in Raj Ghat, New Delhi, India, and her ashes were scattered over the Himalaya Mountains. https://store.earthstation1.com/legacy-with-michael-wood-world-history-tv-series-dvd-mp4-us4.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Statue Of Liberty Films Collection DVD, Video Download, USB Drive
Today, November 19, 2025
November 19, 1887: #DOTD: #RIP: Emma Lazarus, American author of poetry, prose, and translations, as well as an activist for Jewish and Georgist causes, best remembered for writing the sonnet "The New Colossus", which was inspired by the Statue Of Liberty and whose lines appear inscribed on a bronze plaque on its pedestal (b. July 22, 1849) #dies in New York City aged 38, most likely from Hodgkin's lymphoma. She never married. Lazarus is buried in Beth Olam Cemetery in Cypress Hills, Brooklyn. The Poems of Emma Lazarus (2 vols., Boston and New York, 1889) was published after her death, comprising most of her poetic work from previous collections, periodical publications, and some of the literary heritage which her executors deemed appropriate to preserve for posterity. Her papers are kept by the American Jewish Historical Society, Center for Jewish History, and her letters are collected at Columbia University. Biographer Professor Esther Schor praised Lazarus' lasting contribution: "The irony is that the statue goes on speaking, even when the tide turns against immigration - even against immigrants themselves, as they adjust to their American lives. You can't think of the statue without hearing the words Emma Lazarus gave her." Emma Lazarus was born in New York City, July 22, 1849, into a large Sephardic Jewish family. She was the fourth of seven children of Moses Lazarus, a wealthy Jewish merchant and sugar refiner, and Esther Nathan. One of her great-grandfathers on the Lazarus side was from Germany; the rest of her Lazarus and Nathan ancestors were originally from Portugal and they were resident in New York long before the American Revolution, they were among the original twenty-three Portuguese Jews who arrived in New Amsterdam after they had fled from their settlement in Recife, Brazil in an attempt to flee from the Inquisition. Lazarus's great-great-grandmother on her mother's side, Grace Seixas Nathan (born in Stratford in 1752) was also a poet. Lazarus was related through her mother to Benjamin N. Cardozo, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. He sonnet "The New Colossus" is one of the most important and revered poets of the American lexicon. The last lines of the sonnet were set to music by Irving Berlin as the song "Give Me Your Tired, Your Poor" for the 1949 musical Miss Liberty, which was based on the sculpting of the Statue Of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World). The latter part of the sonnet was also set by Lee Hoiby in his song "The Lady of the Harbor" written in 1985 as part of his song cycle "Three Women". Lazarus was also the author of Poems and Translations (New York, 1867); Admetus, and other Poems (1871); Alide: An Episode of Goethe's Life (Philadelphia, 1874); Poems and Ballads of Heine (New York, 1881); Poems, 2 Vols.; Narrative, Lyric and Dramatic; as well as Jewish Poems and Translations. https://store.earthstation1.com/statue-of-liberty-dvd-historical-films.html